[pt] A presente dissertação procura analisar os conflitos indígenas associados a projetos de desenvolvimento e processo de licenciamento ambiental de empreendimentos localizados no interior, ou que afetem terras Indígenas. O trabalho busca realizar uma reflexão jurídica sobre o conceito de indígenas e terras indígenas, avaliando as implicações práticas desse conceito na instalação de projetos de desenvolvimento, e em seus processos de licenciamento ambiental. Como metodologia de pesquisa será feita análise da legislação aplicável, comparada com conceitos antropológicos e jurídicos, análise de decisões judiciais relevantes e casos práticos. Serão apresentadas alternativas de alterações legislativas e sugestões de interpretação legal e constitucional, especialmente relacionados à forma e aos prazos para a condução de processos de demarcação de Terras Indígenas, ao processo de licenciamento ambiental e ao processo de consulta a indígenas. Tais proposições serão apresentadas como sugestões de redução do conflito indígena no país. / [en] Quite a while ago the indigenous population issues stopped receiving secondary treatment on the definition of public policies of investment and development of infrastructure projects. This change took place, basically, due to factors such as the advance of the frontiers of energy, agribusiness, mining and infrastructure development into remote areas – especially in the North of Brazil, encountering important Indigenous Lands and other areas of interest to this indigenous population, isolated or otherwise. Development advance over indigenous lands – coupled with the lack of ability by the State and other players to properly anticipate identifying possible conflicts with indigenous populations and treating them adequately, have worsened conflicts with indigenous populations. By conflicts with indigenous populations, I understand it to be conflicts over land and respect for their way of life, which often leads to violence – with or without casualties. The frightening numbers of this silent war speak for themselves. According to FUNAI (National Indigenous Foundation), the Brazilian indigenous population in 1500 was approximately 3 million individuals. This number had been reduced to 360,000 by 1825. These numbers can be explained through our history of territorial occupation. The indigenous population was treated as a part of the territory to be dealt with, occupied and cleaned up. The territory cleansing – in both in the ecological and human aspects – was how the Brazilian territory was created and, to some extent, continues to be created In addition, the lack of a centralized discussion forum for indigenous issues has led these important discussions to leave the governmental sphere, to wind up taking place in project environmental licensing procedures – giving project managers the responsibility to answer the demands of these communities.