[pt] A perspectiva a curto prazo de uma legislação nacional limitando o nível máximo de emissões de poluentes em motores de combustão interna tem despertado interesse em pesquisas visando o controle das emissões sem prejuízo ao desempenho do motor. No presente trabalho foram pesquisadas as influências de parâmetros tais como avanço da ignição razão ar-combustível, preparação da mistura e taxa de compressão no desempenho e nas emissões em um motor tipo CFR utilizando etanol hidratado. Foi utilizado um condensador na linha de amostragem com a finalidade de quantificar separadamente os hidrocarbonetos e o álcool não queimado que são medidos em conjunto nos detetores convencionais. Foram realizados também estudos preliminares para a otimização das condições de saída dos gases para a utilização de catalisadores no controle das emissões. / [en] The perspective of changing shortly the national policy on emissions from internal combustion engines has lead to research aiming to control emissions without decreasing engine performance. In this research, the influence of several parameters on engine performance was analysed: firing angle, airfuel ratio, mixture preparation and compression ratio 5. A one cylinder CFR engine was used burning hidrated ethanol as fuel. Hydrocarbons and unburned alcohol were :measured separately by introducing into the sampling line a water condenser, and using conventional measuring instruments. Several measurements were carried out to optimize the exaust condition of gases (basically temperature) and using a catalyst to reduce emissions. Finally the measured emissions are shown as a function of several pamaters.

[pt] O setor de transporte é importante ator nas emissões de poluentes e gases de efeito estufa. Por isso, estimar as emissões deste setor é essencial para planejar medidas de redução destes poluentes e consequentemente mitigar os efeitos das mudanças climáticas. Neste contexto, na presente dissertação propomos uma metodologia de estimativa de inventário de emissão de gases de efeito estufa para a região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro e fazemos uma projeção para os próximos anos do aumento da frota e de sua respectiva emissão de poluentes. Desta forma, espera-se que os fazedores de política e de planejamento urbano considerem alternativas menos poluentes, bem como investimento em outros modais para suprir o aumento da demanda para a mobilidade nesta região. / [en] Now a day the environmental quality is generating discussions around the world. In this context, the main subject is the global warming and the greenhouse emissions. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change studies, the world is experiencing an increase on its average temperature due to anthropogenic emissions that come mainly from burning fossil fuels (primary cause of the increased concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere) causing the greenhouse effect. It is well known that the atmosphere is composed of various gases, however, some of them act like a blanket in the terrestrial coverage (and therefore are commonly called greenhouse gases) due to the fact allow the ultraviolet rays and solar radiation penetrating into the earth s atmosphere and retain infrared radiation, they are: water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons. Scientists believe that global warming was being intensified due to human activities, especially the beginning of the industrial revolution that have intensified the amount of burning fossil fuels and the forest degradation. According to Stern (2007), the earth s temperature increased about 0.7 Celsius degrees since 1900, for that reason, it is believed that global warming has a close relationship with the increase of the greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane ( CH4- commonly measured in terms of equivalent CO2). Despite the uncertainty of the consequences of the CO2 emission, especially in the long run, it is expected that there is a relationship between the increase of this gas and the occurrence of climatic disasters in the world, since unlike most pollutants it s externality occur globally and not locally (IPCC, 2007). According to Schipper and Pelling (2006), climate change resulting from increased greenhouse gas emissions should lead to an increase in global average temperature, which will result in changes in rainfall regime in the coming decades and changes in the frequency and magnitude of risks such as floods and tropical cyclones, for example.