[pt] A pesquisa analisou o ruído urbano e suas implicações, e o Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança, suas necessidades e mecanismos necessários a sua realização, assim como os problemas que podem advir da implantação de novos empreendimentos pela falta de regulamentação das prefeituras que não o adotaram dentro das suas políticas e estratégias relacionadas à urbanização das cidades, onde em razão da crescente industrialização e ampliação dos estabelecimentos comerciais, sem qualquer planejamento prévio. Dentro dos parâmetros impactantes, com a implantação do Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança analisamos o ruído urbano e as implicações geradoras do incomodo sonoro, uma vez que o aumento dos níveis de ruído é crescente e fruto do crescimento desordenado das cidades. / [en] Noise pollution according to WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (1980) after air and water pollution, is the environmental problem that affects the greatest number of people. It is noticeable the increase in discomfort due to noise and the damage this has caused people in their city environment. With industrial and technological development, various sources of environmental pollution have been causing damage to humans and the environment. From the 70s onwards, noise started to be perceived with greater attention in urban centers as an important agent that attacked the environment and people s health, especially in the most populated cities. The relevance of the noise pollution theme is increasingly significant, as it generates damage that can be irreversible. It is worth mentioning that it is almost impossible to be in big cities and not be disturbed by expressively loud sound sources. In 1980, the World Health Organization treated noise pollution as a cause among the main problems on the planet. He also mentioned that the appearance of insomnia, in addition to a series of harmful health effects such as stress, depression, hearing loss, loss of concentration, memory loss, headaches, increased blood pressure, tiredness, gastritis and ulcers, fall in school and work performance. The fact that must be taken into account is that noise pollution is not a simple problem related to our comfort, but to physical and mental health, where the general population is not at all aware of the existing risks, facing with resignation being a consequence of living in a modern world with risks, among them is the exposure of citizens to the effects of noise pollution.

[pt] Após um período de estabilidade econômica e mudanças na regulação do setor imobiliário, as incorporadoras brasileiras lançaram inúmeros empreendimentos, contando que os índices econômicos financeiros fossem mantidos. Em geral, os projetos imobiliários lançados consideravam que a inflação permaneceria controlada, os juros continuariam em uma curva descendente, e a política de crédito ainda seria abundante. Contudo, a realidade deparada é oposta em diversos aspectos. Tal cenário contribuiu para a disparada das desistências dos contratos e para a estagnação do mercado imobiliário. Visto que neste mercado as incorporadoras precisam aguardar a entrega do empreendimento para receber a maior parte dos recebíveis, foram surpreendidas pela queda abrupta em seu fluxo de caixa. Neste trabalho, foi realizado uma análise de sensibilidade de um projeto imobiliário, considerando um cenário otimista, realista, pessimista e um de stress. O objetivo do trabalho é incluir a análise de risco de mercado e de crédito e seus impactos no estudo de viabilidade de um projeto imobiliário. / [en] After a period of economic stability and changes in the regulation of real estate sector, brazilian developers launched countless projects, considering that the indexes would be kept. These firms believed that inflation would remain under control, interest rates would continue on a downward curve, and credit policy would still be abundant. However, nowadays, reality is the opposite in many aspects. This scenario contributed to an increase on contracts withdrawals and the stagnation of the housing market. Since, in this market, developers need to await until the conclusion of the project to receive most of their receivables , they were surprised by the sudden drop in theirs cash flows. In this work, a sensibility analysis of a real estate project was carried away, considering four scenarios: optimistic, realistic, pessimist and stress. The objective of this work is to include market and credit risk analysis and their impacts in a real estate viability study.

[pt] Algumas críticas e dificuldades ao processo de licenciamento ambiental brasileiro têm sido apresentadas tanto pela academia, como por órgãos governamentais e setores empresariais. Das dificuldades identificadas, a relação entre identificação de impacto e a proposição de programas que os mitigue, compense ou potencialize motivou o Estudo de Caso, por ser a base do licenciamento e da avaliação de impactos. A pesquisa realizada foi em caráter exploratório, com base no conteúdo de análises documentais e estudo de caso de 35 processos de licenciamentos ambientais no Brasil, cujos EIA/RIMA foram apresentados ao órgão federal - Ibama entre 2001 e 2014 para verificar as semelhanças e divergências entre eles. Como resultado, foi verificado que a quantidade de impactos e programas identificados nos EIA/RIMA aumentaram ao se comparar dois momentos temporais: de 2001 a 2007 e de 2008 a 2014, particularmente os do meio antrópico. No entanto foi surpreendente verificar que alguns impactos e programas não guardam relação clara e direta entre si. Para a avaliação dos impactos do meio físico e biótico, claramente é possível a padronização na identificação de impactos e seus programas de forma a otimizar a análise efetiva dos impactos, facilitando a análise, reduzindo prazos e custos e trazendo mais informações para a sociedade como um todo. / [en] The main objective of this study is to evaluate the licensing process in Brazil, trying to understand how it has changed over the past few years and how it has been perceived by society. Brazil, a continental country with an accelerated process of urbanization which requires investments in its industrial parks and infrastructure, shows an increasing number of environmental licensing processes. Environmental agencies and intervening organizations have resource deficits. Municipalities have difficulties to generate revenue and to enforce essential public policies. Society sees in the large investors a possible solution to attend suppressed demands to improved quality of life. This is the scenario in which enterprises need to be inserted and be licensed. The environmental licensing process in Brazil can be conducted by environmental agencies of all three government levels (federal, state and municipal). Characteristics of the project and its location will determine which of them will lead the process. Although the licensing process is conducted by a single environmental agency, there is still the need for participation of other governmental entities linked to different Ministries. In Brazil there are currently 39 Ministries, and it cannot be expected for institutional interrelations to be well established and with a clear hierarchy. The Preliminary License should be authorized upon determination of environmental viability, however with so many factors and stakeholders involved it is natural that conflicts should arise. The environmental licensing process in Brazil has been criticized by the various stakeholders involved. While impacts to the physical and biotic environment generate fewer conflicts in the identification and proposal of measures, those impacts associated with social and economic aspects often arouse conflicts of difficult resolution that have often led to judicial processes.