I used physiological stress as in indicator of welfare of adult Atlantic salmon during transport onboard a commercial live-haul vessel, the Sterling Carrier under actual operational conditions. This state-of-the-art vessel incorporates both flow-thru (open-hold) and re-circulating (closed-hold) live-hold configurations to safely transport fish under diverse environmental conditions. Measurements of bulk oxygen uptake rates (bulk MO₂) for fish masses ranging from 20 to 40 tons during open-hold transports (n=89) revealed a slightly elevated bulk MO₂ that was comparable to routine bulk MO₂ measured in adult Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar held in large tanks and also to resting MO₂ of individual Pacific salmonids measured in swim-respirometers. These results indicate a low level of stress, and suggest that open-hold live-haul transport aboard the Sterling Carrier does not compromise fish welfare. While closed-hold transport protects fish from poor environments, water quality conditions progressively deteriorate as respiratory CO₂ accumulates in the water. I measured water CO₂ and pH changes during closed-hold transport experiments and used these data to model CO₂ and pH changes over a wide range of transport conditions. Model outputs demonstrated that the partial pressure of CO₂ (Pco₂) could accumulate to potentially deleterious levels (>10 torr) in 20-158 min depending on fish stress levels and loading densities. These data may be useful in estimating transport lengths possible under Pco₂ thresholds, which are presently lacking for live-haul transport. The effects of 3-h and 24-h exposures to elevated water Pco₂ (hypercarbia) on blood pH and post-mortem flesh quality were also measured in adult Atlantic salmon. While elevated water Pco₂ disturbed blood pH as predicted, there were minimal effects on flesh quality based on rigor mortis and flesh pH assessments, which were further reduced if fish were allowed to recover for 24-h after a hypercarbic exposure. This study provides novel insights into a) current techniques of assessing fish welfare during live-haul transport, b) limitations associated with transporting fish under re-circulating conditions, and c) effects of elevated Pco₂ on flesh quality indicators in adult Atlantic salmon.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2008. / Title from title screen (site viewed Dec. 15, 2008). PDF text: v, 91 p. ; 409 KB. UMI publication number: AAT 3310977. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.

Diss. : Historisch-Philologischer Fachbereich : Göttingen : 1983. - Bibliogr. p. 140-153. -

Inaug.-diss.--Wratislavia. / Vita. Bibliographical footnotes.

Diss.--Philosophische Fakultät IV--Regensburg, 1992. / Bibliogr. p. 254-273. Contient le synopsis de l'oeuvre en p. 277-604.

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Chapel Hill, N. C.--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1986. Titre de soutenance : Voces precationum : the vocabulary of prayer in Livy and the Aeneid of Vergil. / Bibliogr. p. 183-193. Index.

I used physiological stress as in indicator of welfare of adult Atlantic salmon during transport onboard a commercial live-haul vessel, the Sterling Carrier under actual operational conditions. This state-of-the-art vessel incorporates both flow-thru (open-hold) and re-circulating (closed-hold) live-hold configurations to safely transport fish under diverse environmental conditions. Measurements of bulk oxygen uptake rates (bulk MO₂) for fish masses ranging from 20 to 40 tons during open-hold transports (n=89) revealed a slightly elevated bulk MO₂ that was comparable to routine bulk MO₂ measured in adult Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar held in large tanks and also to resting MO₂ of individual Pacific salmonids measured in swim-respirometers. These results indicate a low level of stress, and suggest that open-hold live-haul transport aboard the Sterling Carrier does not compromise fish welfare. While closed-hold transport protects fish from poor environments, water quality conditions progressively deteriorate as respiratory CO₂ accumulates in the water. I measured water CO₂ and pH changes during closed-hold transport experiments and used these data to model CO₂ and pH changes over a wide range of transport conditions. Model outputs demonstrated that the partial pressure of CO₂ (Pco₂) could accumulate to potentially deleterious levels (>10 torr) in 20-158 min depending on fish stress levels and loading densities. These data may be useful in estimating transport lengths possible under Pco₂ thresholds, which are presently lacking for live-haul transport. The effects of 3-h and 24-h exposures to elevated water Pco₂ (hypercarbia) on blood pH and post-mortem flesh quality were also measured in adult Atlantic salmon. While elevated water Pco₂ disturbed blood pH as predicted, there were minimal effects on flesh quality based on rigor mortis and flesh pH assessments, which were further reduced if fish were allowed to recover for 24-h after a hypercarbic exposure. This study provides novel insights into a) current techniques of assessing fish welfare during live-haul transport, b) limitations associated with transporting fish under re-circulating conditions, and c) effects of elevated Pco₂ on flesh quality indicators in adult Atlantic salmon. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

The purpose of this study was to investigate perceptions of high school students who made music with code in Sonic Pi. This qualitative multiple case study focused on individuals in an extracurricular club at a public charter high school who volunteered to participate on-site and remotely asynchronously via Canvas learning management system. This study was guided by five research questions, including: (1) What musical ideas, if any, do participants report learning or demonstrate through making music with code in Sonic Pi? (2) How does making music with code impact participants’ perceptions of their music making? (3) How does making music with code impact participants’ perceptions of their ability to learn to make music? (4) How does making music with code impact participants’ interest in music courses? (5) How does making music with code impact participants’ interest in computer science courses? Participants completed research study materials, including a series of tutorials for Sonic Pi. Data included answers to questionnaires and surveys, multimedia artifacts including the source code and exported audio of participants’ music making, and interviews of participants that were codified and analyzed in two cycles, utilizing descriptive coding, values coding, and longitudinal coding. Participants’ code and multimedia artifacts revealed a close alignment to the four properties of sound, including: pitch, duration, intensity/amplitude, and timbre. Participants’ artifacts revealed themes and demonstrated ideas extending beyond the four properties, including: form, non-traditional music notation, and randomization. Participants all agreed their coded artifacts are music. Additionally, participants’ varied responses about musicianship and composers suggests that making music is something anyone can engage in, regardless of how one identifies themself. All participants agreed that Sonic Pi is a useful tool for learning and understanding musical concepts and that Western staff notation is not required knowledge for making music. Participants’ interests in music or computer science courses were impacted by their prior experiences in music and/or coding. This study concludes with a discussion of themes based on the findings.

Nesta dissertação, apresentamos um panorama teórico das propostas de sistemas interativos no live electronics, bem como, os autores discutem e consideram a formulação de interação e interatividade dessa prática. Para isso, iniciaremos com uma breve retrospectiva do que consideramos como live electronics e do que consideramos interação até chegar no atual estado dessa vertente musical. Assim, apresentamos os pontos de discussão acerca de Robert Rowe, Garth Paine, Simon Emmerson, Philippe Manoury e Agostino DiSpio, na qual discutem sobre esta área de composição. Conseguinte, realizamos uma exposição sobre a perspectiva semiológica, nos fundamentando na teoria elaborada por C. S. Peirce, para que entendamos como o fenômeno musical por meio desse viés. Assim, expor a emergência de significação para que possamos compreender como o modelo tripartido de Jean Molino nos inspirou para relacionar suas respectivas dimensões dos processos poiéticos, estésicos e o nível neutro dentro da tríade peirciana de significação. Por fim, realizamos uma análise dos métodos composicionais da obra Traverser la réseau, baseados nas questões expostas sobre a tripartição aplicada para este fim numa obra do tipo live electronics. / In this research, we present a theoretical overview of the proposals of interactive systems in live electronics music, as well as, how the authors who discuss this matter consider interaction on this type of music. To do this, we start with a brief retrospective of what we consider live electronics and what we consider what interaction is until the actual state of discussion to get to the current state of this musical strand. Thus, we present some points of discussion about Robert Rowe, Garth Paine, Simon Emerson, Philippe Manoury and Agostino DiScipio which discuss this area of composition. Consequently, we conduct a exposition about the semiological vision, based on the theory elaborated by C. S. Peirce, for the understanding of the musical phenomenon through this view. Thus, from an emergence of signification for a tripartite model of Jean Molino, we will be inspired to identify the perspective of the poietic, estesic processes and the neutral level within the Peircian triad of signification. Thus, we can have a statistical analysis of the interactive processes of a live electronic work. Finally, we performed an analysis of the processes of the peace called Traverser la r´eseau, based on the questions on tripartition applied for this purpose in a work of type live electronics.

Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat ès lettres--Université de Paris IV-Sorbonne, 1996. / Bibliogr. p. 449-457. Index.