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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Sustentabilidade da atividade produtora de Ãgua envasada em Fortaleza, Ce. / Sustainability of bottled water indsutry in Fortaleza

Anny Jacquelline Cysne Rosas 06 June 2008 (has links)
A presente pesquisa analisa a atividade de produÃÃo de Ãgua envasada no MunicÃpio de Fortaleza, diferenciando a Ãgua mineral da Ãgua potÃvel de mesa, esta Ãltima comercializada como Ãgua adicionada de sais. A motivaÃÃo para este trabalho surgiu da perspectiva de crescimento acelerado da atividade econÃmica de envasamento de Ãgua potÃvel, sabendo-se que em Fortaleza a degradaÃÃo ambiental à observada com grande intensidade, com conseqÃÃncias para os recursos hÃdricos. A sustentabilidade foi analisada sob dois aspectos: o financeiro e o ambiental. A pesquisa foi dividida em trÃs etapas. Na primeira foi realizada a caracterizaÃÃo da atividade em Fortaleza, inclusive a anÃlise qualitativa da Ãgua envasada, considerando as ResoluÃÃes da ANVISA. No segundo momento foi realizada a anÃlise de sustentabilidade financeira a partir de levantamento dos custos de investimento e dos custos de operaÃÃo, administraÃÃo e manutenÃÃo (OAM) da atividade. Na terceira etapa foi avaliada a sustentabilidade ambiental da atividade atravÃs da anÃlise de vulnerabilidade dos aqÃÃferos de Fortaleza aplicando o Ãndice DRASTIC. Como resultado da etapa de caracterizaÃÃo, foram analisadas no ano de 2007, 23 marcas de Ãgua adicionada de sais e cinco de Ãgua mineral, encontrando-se presenÃa de coliformes totais com ausÃncia de outros microrganismos. No entanto, a qualidade da Ãgua envasada de Fortaleza està dentro do limite aceitÃvel da legislaÃÃo. Os resultados da segunda etapa indicaram que a sustentabilidade financeira da atividade serà dada sempre que for possÃvel arrecadar pelo menos R$ 1,36 por garrafÃo de 20 litros, o que corresponde aos custos totais de investimento e OAM. A sustentabilidade ambiental pode ser obtida, em Fortaleza, de modo relativamente simples, pois a vulnerabilidade dos seus aqÃÃferos à baixa e a atividade à pouco poluente. A anÃlise do Ãndice DRASTIC para Fortaleza demonstrou que seus aqÃÃferos tÃm vulnerabilidade regional baixa (cerca de metade da Ãrea, predominantemente no setor centro-sul da cidade), intermediÃria (predominantemente no centro do municÃpio) ou alta (na regiÃo costeira norte). As Ãreas de exploraÃÃo de Ãguas subterrÃneas para envase em Fortaleza localizam-se principalmente em regiÃes com vulnerabilidade baixa: das nove fontes analisadas, sete localizam-se na Ãrea de baixa vulnerabilidade, duas na regiÃo de vulnerabilidade intermediÃria e nenhuma na Ãrea de vulnerabilidade alta. Isso à muito positivo para a qualidade da Ãgua, embora nÃo signifique que nÃo haja risco de poluiÃÃo, principalmente diante do cenÃrio ambiental da cidade de Fortaleza. Quanto à atividade de envase de Ãgua em si, avaliou-se que esta pode ser realizada sem ocasionar grandes impactos negativos ao meio ambiente. / This study examines the activity of producing bottled water in the city of Fortaleza, discriminating between mineral water and the table drinking water, the latter marketed as "water with added salts". The subject of this work was inspired by the prospect of accelerated growth of the economic activity of bottling drinking water, given that in Fortaleza environmental degradation is observably happening at a very accelerated pace, with deleterious consequences for water resources. Sustainability was examined in two respects: the financial and the environmental. The research was divided into three stages. The first was the characterization of the activity held in Fortaleza, including the qualitative analysis of the bottled water, considering the resolutions of ANVISA. In the second stage, the analysis of financial sustainability was carried out, by the assessment of investment costs and costs of operation, administration and maintenance (OAM) of the activity. In the third stage the environmental sustainability of the activity was assessed through the analysis of vulnerability of the aquifers of Fortaleza, applying the index DRASTIC. During the stage of characterization, 23 brands of salt-added water, and five of mineral water, were examined (in 2007), being observed the presence of coliform bacteria but no other microorganisms. The quality of bottled water of Fortaleza, however, was verified to be within the acceptable limits of the local legislation. The results of the second stage indicated that the financial sustainability of the activity would be met as long as it was possible to collect at least R$ 1.36 per 20 liters bottle, which would correspond to the total costs of investment and OAM. As for environmental sustainability of the activity, it can be easily satisfied (in Fortaleza) given the low average vulnerability of the Fortaleza aquifers and the low pollution potential of the activity. The analysis of DRASTIC Index for the aquifers of Fortaleza has shown that their regional vulnerability is low (about half the area, predominantly in central-southern sector of the city), intermediate (predominantly in the centre of the city) or high (in the northern coastal region). The areas of exploitation of groundwater for bottling in Fortaleza are mainly located in regions with low vulnerability: the nine sources analyzed, seven are located in downtown area of low vulnerability, two in the region of intermediate vulnerability and none in the area of high vulnerability. This, of course, is very positive for bottled water quality, but does not mean that there is no risk of pollution, especially considering the environmental scenario of the city of Fortaleza. As for the activity of water bottling, it was concluded that, in this case, it can be exerted without causing serious damage to the environment.

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