<p>Betyg 190604</p>

<p>Betyg 190604</p>

<p>Betyg 190604</p>

<p>Betyg 190604</p>

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There have been many different efforts done to design coordination models for aid, but less research has been focusing on the efficiency and function of these implementation policies. Both the Paris Declaration and the Sector-Wide Approach has been launched with the purpose to improve countries aid coordination strategies. This by a joint cooperation between development actors at different levels of society, locally, nationally and internationally. This thesis aims to investigate what NGO`s, private businesses and the Zambian state are practically doing, through the methodological framework of a qualitative desk study. Focus will also be on Zambia`s aid coordination strategies within the health sector, and specially towards HIV/AIDS. This through a broad perspective, from the global policies which includes international donors, to the local level such as NGO`s (Sundewall, 2009).vThis paper aims to problematize the question of how development actors coordinate aid towards the health sector, to address the HIV&amp;AIDS issue in Zambia. This by using social constructivist view, text analysis and two main analytical approaches. The community mobilization and the top-down &amp; bottom up will be used as analysing tools, by an abductive approach (Klotz &amp; Lynch, 2014; Campbell &amp; Cornish, 2010; Fraser et al; 2005). Overall results provide information about two sides of argument of aid coordination. Some researchers argue for the negative impact of aid, through ineffective coordination through the existing fund mechanisms, like the current parallel funding within the health sector. These funds for HIV/AIDS are channelled separately through the National AIDS Council. However, others argue for the importance of aid to improve local community participation (Sundewall, 2009). Since the year of 2007 when Zambia adopted new aid policies by formulate the joint assistance strategy for Zambia JASZ, the country has had the structure to be able to follow the Paris declaration strategies from 2005. However, in practice the country still has overall improvements to do, since four of the indicators recorded a setback, while eight other targets showed a positive progress, but still need improvements (Leiderer, 2015).

Over 500 million citizens in Europe are affected by the decisions taken at the European Union. However, the complexities of this supranational institution have people feeling voiceless and disengaged in the political system. The European Parliament - the organ meant to represent the European people – is alleged to being an elitist body that no longer represent the will of the ordinary citizen. This outcry of the people created the pool of potential for the rise of right-wing populist groups across Europe and their support has grown tremendously in what seems like a short span of time. But the tide is about to change. The surge of right-wing populism threatens to take over the European Parliament in the 2019 elections. This research paper sets out to assess the sphere of influence of right-wing populism at the regional level. Using a bottom-up approach, the paper focuses on the attitudes and perceptions of the people and analyses their opinions by incorporating Eatwell and Goodwin’s four D criteria. As the analytical framework, Eatwell and Goodwin’s criteria offers the avenue for inspecting the legitimacy of the right-wing ideology. Once this is established, the question of influence is answered by looking at the potential implication of right-wing power. As a qualitative case study, the research implores the use of raw data from existing secondary databases. The paper acknowledges the extensive studies and cross-examinations that have been conducted at the national level and seeks to build upon this knowledge and illustrate the interconnected nature of our societies. In addition, this research paper was completed before the May 2019 elections were concluded. The study indicates that right-wing supporters are motivated by the distrust of politicians and institutions, the destruction of the national group’s historic identity, perceived deprivation from rising inequalities and the de-alignment of people’s political positions. Furthermore, findings show a rising pattern of grievances rather than its decline. An indication that the phenomena of populism is here to stay. The polarization of right-wing populist groups in the political system threatens to tame the tone of politics if the institution does not take preventive action – some of which are discussed in the paper. With this in mind, the research paper acknowledges the threat of right-wing populism in the European Parliament.

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Low income countries such as Bangladesh are among many of the developing countries in the world where people suffer from poverty which affect their living conditions, especially the empowerment, more specifically economic empowerment of rural and/or indigent women. Many actors such as non-government organizations (NGOs) aspire towards working on means which will improve the empowerment status of rural women in the economy of Bangladesh. It is hoped to thereby reduce poverty levels which in turn they hope will impact the society and its economy positively. One of the methods which many developing countries have chosen in order to increase economic empowerment of rural women is through encouraging their participation in the operation of small scale and medium sized enterprises (SMEs).  Bangladesh is thus trying to increase the power and control women have at different levels of society by exerting a significant role on the use of SMEs to generate empowerment among rural women and to transform the economic condition of these impoverished women and their families by providing them means of earning income and hence making them economically more stable. However, there are still many impediments which hinder the success of SMEs in empowering women in Bangladesh; such as entrenched gender inequalities, lack of knowledge and access to livelihood resources, unbalanced power structures, etc.. These impediments are even more prevalent among rural women and affect the impact that SMEs have on the lives of rural Bangladeshi women. If these issues can be resolved rural/indigent women of Bangladesh can be better empowered through the activities of women-owned enterprises to offer better standards of living for rural women. This study identified various ways that SMEs positively impact the lives of indigent women in Bangladesh and change their social and economic conditions, drawing on theories and concepts of empowerment, power, and alternative development. The connection between empowerment and livelihood resources have important implications for women economic empowerment. This connection was in turn used to discover the reasons behind why so many rural women suffer from lack of empowerment, power and social and political invisibility despite the push by NGOs and the government to make women a part of the paid workforce through women empowerment initiatives.

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