Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1945.

Mimi Yuk-Mei Yeung. / Varying title: Energy balance and dietary intake of Hong Kong elite athletes. / Year shown on spine: 1997. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-148). / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION AND AIMS OF THE STUDY --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Sports Development in Hong Kong --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Hong Kong Athletes Performance and Achievement --- p.1 / Chapter 1.3 --- Nutrition and Sport Performance --- p.2 / Chapter 1.4 --- Aims of the Study --- p.2 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- NUTRITION NEEDS OF THE ATHLETES --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- Energy Needs of Elite Athletes --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Components of Energy Expenditure in Athletes --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Sex Differences in Energy Expenditure --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Indicators for Body Energy Stores --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Nutrient Requirements in Sports --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Carbohydrate --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Protein --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Fat --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Vitamins & Minerals --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Alcohol and Caffeine --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- The Optimal Training Diet for Sports --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Training Diet for Optimizing Performance --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Review of Dietary Studies in Athletes --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Sex Differences in Dietary Intakes of Athletes --- p.20 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF ELITE ATHLETES --- p.23 / Chapter 3.1 --- Evaluation of Activity Energy --- p.23 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Factorial Method --- p.23 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Direct and Indirect Calorimetry --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Doubly labeled Water --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Heart Rate Method --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2 --- Evaluation of Dietary Intake --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Dietary Assessment --- p.27 / Chapter 3.3 --- A review on Adopted Methods --- p.28 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- FLEX-HR Minute-by-minute Heart Rate Method --- p.28 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Dietary Assessment Methods Adopted in the Present Study --- p.30 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Food Composition Tables & Calculation of Nutrient Intake --- p.31 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- The Importance of Anthropometric Measurements --- p.30 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- "SUBJECTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS" --- p.38 / Chapter 4.1 --- Subjects --- p.38 / Chapter 4.2 --- Anthropometric Measurements --- p.38 / Chapter 4.3 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.39 / Chapter 4.4 --- Energy Assessment --- p.39 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Subject Calibration --- p.39 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- "Respiratory Gas, Heart Rate Measurement and Analysis" --- p.40 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Heart Rate and Regression Formula --- p.42 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Minute-by-minute Heart Rate Recording --- p.43 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Activity Record --- p.44 / Chapter 4.5 --- Dietary Assessment --- p.44 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- 3days 24-Hour Recall --- p.44 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Estimation of Quantity of Food --- p.45 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Nutrient Analysis --- p.45 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- RESULTS --- p.68 / Chapter 5.1 --- Anthropometric Changes in Athletes --- p.68 / Chapter 5.2 --- Individual Calibration Curve of Athletes --- p.68 / Chapter 5.3 --- Exercise Energy Expenditure of Athletes --- p.68 / Chapter 5.4 --- Total Daily Energy Expenditure of Athletes --- p.71 / Chapter 5.5 --- Dietary Intake of Athletes --- p.72 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- Energy Intake of Athletes --- p.72 / Chapter 5.5.2 --- Carbohydrate Intake of Athletes --- p.73 / Chapter 5.5.3 --- Nutrient Intake of Athletes --- p.74 / Chapter 5.5.4 --- Food Choices of Athletes --- p.76 / Chapter 5.6 --- Observations in Energy Balance in Athletes --- p.76 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- DISCUSSION --- p.116 / Chapter 6.1 --- Reliability of Energy Expenditure and Dietary Measurement --- p.116 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Application of the FLEX-HR --- p.116 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Application of the Polar Sport Tester PE3000 Heart Rate Monitor --- p.117 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Reliability of Dietary Assessment for Energy and Carbohydrate Intake --- p.118 / Chapter 6.2 --- Energy Expenditure in Training / Exercise Days in Athletes --- p.118 / Chapter 6.3 --- Energy Intake and Energy Expenditure in Athletes --- p.121 / Chapter 6.4 --- Nutrient and Food Intake of the Athletes --- p.123 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Energy Intake of Athletes --- p.123 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Nutrient intake of Athletes --- p.124 / Chapter 6.4.3 --- Food Choices of Athletes --- p.128 / Chapter 6.5 --- Conclusions --- p.129 / Chapter 6.6 --- Recommendations --- p.129 / Chapter 6.7 --- A Need for Further Studies --- p.130 / References --- p.132 / List of Figures --- p.xi / List of Tables --- p.xiii / Appendix I Schofield equation for Basal Metabolic Rate --- p.149 / Appendix II Exercise Testing Protocols in Athletes --- p.150 / "Appendix III Computer print out of HR, VO2, and Energy Expenditure" --- p.151 / Appendix IV Form for Calibration Test Information --- p.152 / Appendix V Heart Rate Curve --- p.153 / Appendix VI Heart Rate and Energy Data Sheet --- p.154 / Appendix VII Heart Rate and Energy Curve --- p.155 / Appendix VIII Activity Record Sheet --- p.156 / Appendix IX Diet Record Sheet --- p.157

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

abstract: Background: Nearly 95% of Americans will develop hypertension, and 67% will not seek treatment. Furthermore, hypertension is the leading risk factor for coronary heart disease. While previous studies have increased the use of blood pressure medication among patients that have received hypertension education, medications may not work for everyone. Due to the life-threatening nature of this condition, it is essential to find an effective alternative for treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of organometallic complex supplementation on hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy in 6-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats that were fed either standard rodent chow or a high fat diet for 10 weeks at a university in Arizona. Methods: Forty-two healthy six-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups: plain water control, 0.6 mg/ml organometallic complex or 3.0 mg/ml organometallic complex as soon as they arrived. Each rat was then housed individually to prevent the sharing of microbiota through coprophagia. Rats in each treatment group were further divided into two dietary groups that were fed either a high fat diet containing 60% kcal fat that was changed every three days or standard rodent chow. Researchers were not blind to which rat was in each group. At the end of the 10-week study, rats were euthanized with an overdose of sodium pentobarbital (200 mg/kg, i.p.). Heart, left ventricle of the heart, liver, and spleen masses were recorded for each animal. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA using SigmaPlot 10.0 software. Results: At the conclusion of this study, the left ventricle mass of the rats in the high fat diet group were significantly larger than those in the chow group. Neither dose of the organometallic complex supplement prevented these effects induced by high fat feeding. Conclusion: The organometallic complex supplement was not effective at mitigating the effects of a high fat diet on cardiac hypertrophy in rats. Therefore, this supplement should not be used to treat cardiac hypertrophy. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Nutrition 2019

The present study was conducted with the use of data from the Freshmen Health Study, a longitudinal study of college freshmen aged 18 that examined change in diet, physical activity, and weight during the first year of college at Utah State University (USU). Participants were assessed at different data collection periods including the beginning and end of their first semester attending USU. Participants' height and weight were measured and they were given a self-administered Food Frequency Questionnaire at each data collection. Simple linear and multivariate logistic regression was used to assess how dietary calcium intake related to weight change over a 16-week study period (one semester). There were 153 (82%) subjects who completed the second data collection during December 2005. The difference in weight between the beginning and end of fall semester was considered the main outcome. Changes in dietary calcium, dairy intake, and milk intake were also assessed as main outcomes. Means and standard deviations were used to describe population characteristics. Analysis of variance (ANOV A) was used to compare means across gender and quartiles of calcium intake. Simple linear regression and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between dietary calcium intake and weight change. The multivariate logistic model controlled for gender, physical activity, baseline BMI, and fruit and vegetable intake. Risk of weight gain was not associated with increasing quartile of dietary calcium intake in either unadjusted or multivariable logistic regression models. Subjects' mean calcium and dairy intake decreased significantly from baseline (p < 0.001). Although the average calcium intake for this population was less than current recommendations set by the FDA, dietary calcium intake did not appear to have any influence on weight change. Dairy and milk intake decreased significantly from high school to college; therefore, specific interventions to increase calcium intake from dairy foods would be appropriate in the adolescent population, especially in college freshmen.

Purpose: To examine hydration practices and risk factors, including the over-consumption of fluids as measured by weight gain, associated with hyponatremia in non-elite runners participating in a cold weather half-marathon and marathon, and to observe gender-related differences in pre- to post-race weight change. Methods: Using an IRB-approved protocol, pre-race weight was measured and participants completed a pre-race questionnaire that included questions on age, gender, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, hydration beverage preferences, and race experience. Weight was also measured on participating racers shortly after they crossed the finish line, where a post-race questionnaire was also completed. Post-race questions related to during-race behaviors, including during-race fluid consumption frequency, fluid types consumed, number of urination stops, NSAID use just prior to race, and time to complete the race. Results: Pre- and post-race weights were measured for 17 marathon and 75 half-marathon participants. Marathon: The mean weight change for marathon participants was non-significant (-0.56 kg + 1.25; p=0.08). There was a statistically significant difference (p=0.012) in weight change between those who took NSAIDs prior to the race (+0.9 kg ± 1.4) and those who did not (-0.86 kg ± 1.0). Half-marathon: The mean weight change for half-marathon participants was non-significant (+0.14 kg + 1.2; p=0.33). There was a significantly different (p < .01) weight change between males (-0.57 kg ± 0.94) and females (+0.73 kg ± 1.1). There was no statistically significant difference in weight change between those who took NSAIDs and those who did not. Fluid consumption frequency was positively correlated with weight change (R=0.335; p=0.006) in half-marathon participants and (R=0.407; p=0.015) in female half-marathon participants, and finishing time was positively correlated with weight change (R=0.356, p=0.003). Conclusions: On average, the race-related weight change in the marathon runners was negative and not statistically significant, and the race-related weight change in the half-marathoners was positive and not statistically significant. Marathoners who used NSAIDs before the race gained significantly more weight than those who did not. Fluid consumption frequency in the half-marathoners was positively correlated with weight change, and finishing time in half-marathoners was positively correlated with weight change. On average, there was a significant difference (p<.01) in weight gain/loss pattern in males and females, with male half-marathoners losing weight and female half-marathoners gaining weight. These data suggest that females, slower runners, and those using NSAIDs prior to a cold weather endurance event may be at higher risk for over-hydration (as measured by weight gain), which is a major risk factor in hyponatremia.

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Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1947.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität München, 1934. / At head of title: Aus dem Physiologischen Institut der Universität München. "Lebenslauf": p. 22.