M.A. / The increased demand on resources and particular on water in South Africa is, inter alia, owing to the high population growth, urbanisation and concomitant industrial development. A decrease in water quality impairs the sustainable use of water, economic development and environmental health. Although water quality monitoring in the past focused mainly on the determination of the chemical and physical variables it is currently accepted as inadequate to determine the “health” of an aquatic ecosystem. This study does not concentrate on the impact of the chemical and physical variables on the ecosystem but rather determines the biological affect of treated underground mine water pumped into an aquatic ecosystem. The causes of water pollution can be point source in origin, for example, from water purification works and mines or it could also be from a diverse source such as stormwater, agricultural activities, seepage from various sources such as dumpsites, slimes dams and even from some geological formations. Mining, as one of the major job creators in South Africa, is also one of the major sources of pollution of aquatic systems. This is, in particular, relevant to worked out mines, older mines and marginal mines. The area of investigation is a portion of the Blesbokspruit Ramsar Site on the East Rand and, with its large bird specie diversity, appears to be a healthy system. This study shows that there is extensive debilitation of water quality in this portion of the Blesbokspruit which is further being impaired by the treated underground water pumped into the Blesbokspruit by the Grootvlei Mine. The purpose of this study was to determine the probable hazard of the polluted water of the Blesbokspruit for biota by making use of benthic faunal studies. Previous studies (Adendorff, 1997; Chutter, 1998 and Davies & Day, 1998) proved that the benthic fauna decrease with an increase in water pollution. The water quality of the Blesbokspruit in the test area was compared with the water quality standards for natural water set by the National Department of Water Affairs and Forestry as well as the water quality targets as set by Rand Water. The water quality of the test area was below standard when compared with both sets of standards. Biomonitoring also indicated that, because of the low counts of invertebrates, compared to the high counts of invertebrates in pristine aquatic systems, that this system is under pressure. This study indicates that the water quality of the Blesbokspruit Ramsar Site seriously impacts upon the benthic fauna and that the treated mine water from Grootvlei Mine, which is being pumped into the system, leaves this system stripped of all benthic fauna over an undetermined area. From this study it is also clear that managerial standards are urgently needed for water quality control and that water quality management should not only take the data of chemical water analysis into account but biological compounds should also be considered. The increased demand on resources and particular on water in South Africa is, inter alia, owing to the high population growth, urbanisation and concomitant industrial development. A decrease in water quality impairs the sustainable use of water, economic development and environmental health. Although water quality monitoring in the past focused mainly on the determination of the chemical and physical variables it is currently accepted as inadequate to determine the “health” of an aquatic ecosystem. This study does not concentrate on the impact of the chemical and physical variables on the ecosystem but rather determines the biological affect of treated underground mine water pumped into an aquatic ecosystem. The causes of water pollution can be point source in origin, for example, from water purification works and mines or it could also be from a diverse source such as stormwater, agricultural activities, seepage from various sources such as dumpsites, slimes dams and even from some geological formations. Mining, as one of the major job creators in South Africa, is also one of the major sources of pollution of aquatic systems. This is, in particular, relevant to worked out mines, older mines and marginal mines. The area of investigation is a portion of the Blesbokspruit Ramsar Site on the East Rand and, with its large bird specie diversity, appears to be a healthy system. This study shows that there is extensive debilitation of water quality in this portion of the Blesbokspruit which is further being impaired by the treated underground water pumped into the Blesbokspruit by the Grootvlei Mine. The purpose of this study was to determine the probable hazard of the polluted water of the Blesbokspruit for biota by making use of benthic faunal studies. Previous studies (Adendorff, 1997; Chutter, 1998 and Davies & Day, 1998) proved that the benthic fauna decrease with an increase in water pollution. The water quality of the Blesbokspruit in the test area was compared with the water quality standards for natural water set by the National Department of Water Affairs and Forestry as well as the water quality targets as set by Rand Water. The water quality of the test area was below standard when compared with both sets of standards. Biomonitoring also indicated that, because of the low counts of invertebrates, compared to the high counts of invertebrates in pristine aquatic systems, that this system is under pressure. This study indicates that the water quality of the Blesbokspruit Ramsar Site seriously impacts upon the benthic fauna and that the treated mine water from Grootvlei Mine, which is being pumped into the system, leaves this system stripped of all benthic fauna over an undetermined area. From this study it is also clear that managerial standards are urgently needed for water quality control and that water quality management should not only take the data of chemical water analysis into account but biological compounds should also be considered. / Mrs. H.F. Ellis

In accordance with theories of Carmichael (19), Lecky (41), and Rogers (55), which suggest that adolescence is a time of redefining conceptions about one's self in relation to values, groups, and institutions in one's environment, the following hypotheses were proposed to be investigated in this study: 1. The difference between mothers' and fathers' self-concept scores is nonsignificant. 2. Parents have higher self-concepts than their children. 3. Parents of children with high self-concepts will differ significantly from parents of children with low self-concepts with respect to their values.

Parents are historically the decision makers related to vaccinations with infants and children. Over the past few years, healthcare providers have been facing a growing number of parents who are questioning the safety and the need for routine vaccinations. Studies conducted in Saudi Arabia revealed that not all Saudi-born parents support childhood vaccination and eventually delay their children vaccination. Understanding the cultural influences on parents in Saudi Arabia about the adherence to childhood vaccination program is crucial for health and safety of the whole society. The purpose of this study was to explore experiences of Saudi-born parents who have delayed vaccinations for their children prior to school age. Through a Heideggerian hermeneutic interpretive phenomenological method and the lens of caring theory, this research sought to uncover the essence of Saudi-born parents’ lived experiences where they were allowed to speak and provide their perspectives in their own words. Leininger’s Culture Care Diversity and Universality Theory was used as the theoretical framework guiding this study. Leininger’s Sunrise Enabler-Model provided a framework for assessing the sociocultural aspects of Saudi-born parents that may have influence the vaccine delays for their children. The nine participants provided a rich and thick description of the phenomenon in this study from which three essential themes emerged. The three essential themes were: 1) struggling with barriers, 2) seeking vaccine information (Formal and Informal) and their influence on participants’ decision, and 3) hesitating to vaccinate. Study findings explored cultural factors such as knowledge, access to healthcare centers, work responsibilities, and social media that influenced vaccinating children prior to school in Saudi Arabia. Greater understanding of delays in child vaccination by Saudiborn parents equips nurses in addressing cultural perspectives to reduce communicable diseases amongst children. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2021. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

This study analyzes the experiences of stigmatization and emotion work through the interview responses of eight parents of children with autism. Developing from Goffman’s theories of direct stigma and associative stigma this research integrates Hochschild’s emotion work as a way that parents respond to the stigmatization that they encounter. The results of this study indicate that some parents of children with autism perform suppressive emotion work in the way they respond to stigmatization and obstacles that occur when raising a child with special needs. In addition, stigma occurs in interactions with close friends and family members, creating issues of boundary-crossing. Parents of children with autism respond to stigma by educating those closest to them and normalizing the experiences of themselves and their child. In order to cope with the hardships of stigma, some parents also work to advocate, problem-solve, and build community beyond their immediate relationships.

This study investigated what relationship might exist between the parents' view of their interactions with their children and the degree of person orientation in their children's vocational interests. The hypotheses of this study were that the parents of subjects with toward-person-oriented vocational interests would perceive their interactions with their children as being more loving and overtly attentive than parents of subjects with away-from-person-oriented vocational interests. It was further hypothesized that these differences would be greater for males than for females.

archives@tulane.edu / The word ‘discipline’ is used to mean either the punishment following disobedience or training in self-control, and schools use both methods when responding to student misbehavior. Currently, we do not know how elementary-age students and their families feel about both types of experiences, and which discipline practices they think ought to be changed or retained by their school. Using ecological and critical race theory frameworks, this phenomenological study aimed to listen to stakeholder voices to understand how students and caregivers experience school discipline practices in order to help determine culturally valid and ecologically sound disciplinary interventions in the future. Focus groups were conducted with 22 students and 14 caregivers at a public charter elementary school serving primarily African American students. The sample included participants whose experiences with school discipline practices ranged from those who have never received an office discipline referral to those who have received over 75 in one year, and a corresponding group of caregivers. Responses were analyzed inductively. Themes were grouped into three main dilemmas that the stakeholders are facing with regard to school discipline: the appropriate roles for school and family, the type of consequence to use, and how time should be allocated for different types of disciplinary responses. These findings highlight the complexity of school discipline beyond simple behavioral contingencies and reflect a need for continued collaboration between the school, students, and caregivers to co-create context-specific discipline policies and procedures. / 1 / Laura C Cornell

"It is the purpose of this study to discover the present practices of the senior high schools of Florida with respect to parent-teacher organizations and from these data to make observations which might suggest means of improvement. The problem as it will be considered in the study deals with the following questions: A. What are the actual conditions and the present practices under which parent-teacher organizations function in the state of Florida? B. What observations can be made on present practices and what conclusions can be reached which might suggest improvement? In the consideration of these two phases of the problem, more specific aspects present themselves which are stated as follows: 1. To what extent do Florida senior high schools have parent-teacher organizations? 2. In what areas do parents and teachers combine their efforts most frequently? 3. What activities are engaged in most commonly by parent-teacher organizations? 4. What efforts are being made along the lines of parent education to create better understanding of and participation in the program of education? 5. What are the attitudes of principals as to the positive and negative values of parent-teacher organizations? 6. What improvements are possible and desirable?"--Introduction. / Typescript. / "July, 1950." / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts under Plan II." / Advisor: H. W. Dean, Professor Directing Paper. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 29).

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<p> Parents' participation in the care of their hospitalized child is an integral part of pediatric nursing practice and is considered to be beneficial for children and parents. However, parents may not discuss their participation with nurses and instead base their activities on their perceptions of nurses' assumptions and expectations regarding parents' participation in care. Nurses may assume a gate keeping role regarding parents' participation, deciding what parents will do and then monitoring these activities. Nurses' heavy workloads may preclude the teaching necessary for parents to participate in certain aspects of care. As a result, parents' actual participation in care may be more or less than their desired level of participation. Measuring actual participation alone may thus give an incomplete picture of a family's situation.</p> <p> To date, no attempt has been made to measure the difference between parents' actual and desired participation in care. A cross-sectional, descriptive design was used to measure parents' actual level of participation in care and their desired level of participation in care, and to describe the congruency between them. Parents of children admitted to medical and surgical units in a tertiary care children's hospital (N = 191) completed two instruments measuring desired and actual participation in care as well as providing demographic data. Study results indicate a difference between parents' actual and desired participation, with the majority of parents expressing a desire to increase their participation. Parents' care activities included providing comfort, assisting with activities of daily living, assisting with mechanical care and advocating for the hospitalized child. Recommendations are made for nursing practice at the bedside, for nursing administration and for future research. Measuring congruency between actual and desired levels of participation can contribute to our understanding of parents' experiences of their child's hospitalization and may provide a unique perspective on parental participation in care.</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)