To examine parental attitudes toward sexuality education in the home and school, sealed packets were distributed to fifth and seventh graders (N = 609) for each to deliver home to a parent. Parents were asked to express level of agreement with a series of attitude statements and to indicate the content and timing considered appropriate for sexuality instruction in the home and school. Analysis of 246 returned surveys (40% response rate) indicated that most parents trust the school to address human sexuality, though a sizeable minority of parents hold very conservative attitudes toward sexuality instruction in this setting. Results suggested that the majority of parents view school-based instruction as supplemental to instruction in the home.

Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Educational Leadership, 2005. / Title from second page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [2], iii, 189 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 181-189).

Devenir parent s’avère un choix convoité par un nombre grandissant de personnes vivant avec une déficience ou une lenteur intellectuelle (DI/LI). Or, l’exercice de ce droit peut se heurter à différents obstacles tels que l’insuffisance des services de soutien et la présence d’opinions, de croyances et d’attitudes négatives à l’endroit des personnes ayant une DI/LI, plus particulièrement, à l’égard de la possibilité qu’elles deviennent parents. Afin de mieux comprendre cette situation, la recherche qualitative menée dans le cadre de ce doctorat en service social s’est intéressée aux représentations sociales (RS) de la parentalité des personnes ayant une DI/LI chez des intervenants et chez des parents présentant cette condition. Les objectifs de cette démarche sont : (1) dégager les composantes cognitives (connaissances) et sociocognitives (opinions, attitudes, croyances) des RS; (2) explorer les convergences et les divergences intragroupe et intergroupe; (3) identifier les facteurs personnels et contextuels associés aux RS. Vingt-sept professionnels et neuf parents ont participé à des entrevues individuelles semi-structurées. Les données colligées ont permis d’établir différents constats. D’abord, plusieurs facteurs liés à l’expérience et au contexte de la pratique sont en lien avec les RS des intervenants. Entre autres, leur attitude à l’égard de la parentalité est moins favorable s’ils estiment que ces parents n’ont pas accès à des services qui soutiennent réellement l’exercice de leur rôle parental. Sur ce plan, ils considèrent qu’ils ne disposent pas des connaissances nécessaires à une intervention adaptée. Ils soulignent que la collaboration entre les partenaires impliqués dans l’aide à ces parents est altérée par l’ambiguïté de leurs rôles et par les difficultés d’arrimage des mandats. Du côté des parents, les RS se distinguent selon leur situation. Pour les personnes ayant la garde de leur enfant, la parentalité symbolise l’accès à un rôle hautement désiré dont l’exercice suscite fierté et détermination. Pour celles dont l’enfant a été placé en milieu substitut, la parentalité est associée à des sentiments d’injustice et de disqualification. Néanmoins, le soutien dont certains parents ont pu bénéficier au sein de leur communauté d’appartenance leur a permis de développer une identité parentale positive. Des recommandations liées à l’offre de services sont présentées dans cette thèse qui se conclut par la proposition de pistes à explorer en recherche. Mots-clés : parentalité, déficience intellectuelle, représentations sociales, attitudes, soutien, intervenants, collaboration. / A growing number of people living with intellectual disabilities or cognitive difficulties (ID/CD) decide to become parents. However, exercising this right may collide against various obstacles such as inadequate support structures and negative opinions, beliefs and attitudes towards people with ID/CD and more specifically, towards their capacity to raise a child successfully. To understand this situation, the qualitative research project conducted as part of this PhD in social work has focused on the social representations (SR) of the parenthood of people with ID/CD among practitioners and parents with this condition. The objectives of the study were to: (1) identify the cognitive (knowledge) and sociocognitive (opinions, attitudes, beliefs) components of the SR; (2) elicit the convergences and divergences within and between groups; (3) list the personal and contextual factors that may influence the SR. Twenty-seven professionals and nine parents participated in semi-structured interviews. The data collected revealed several findings. First, many factors involving the experience and context of practice are related to the practitioners’ SR. Among other things, their attitude regarding parenthood is less positive if they believe that these parents do not have access to services that actually support them. They feel they do not have the adequate knowledge to put forward appropriate interventions. Moreover, the effectiveness of collaborative practice with the partners involved is altered by the difficulties encountered in teamwork due to the absence of practice guidelines and to role ambiguity. Furthermore, parents’ SR are different according to their situation. In other words, for the participants who have the custody of their child or children, parenthood symbolizes the access to a highly desired role that will prompt pride and determination. However, their wish to be treated as adults, free to make their own decisions, doesn’t contradict their willingness to receive services that can help them improve their parental abilities and to better support the academic and social success of their child. Regarding the participants whose parenthood is experienced through the placement of their child or children by legal authorities, their representations are altered by suffering and feelings of injustice, and disqualification. This arises from their interactions with child welfare professionals and individuals close to them. However, within this group, parents who received psychosocial support were able to develop a positive parental identity. Finally, relevant recommendations that may contribute to the improvement of practice conditions and services offered to such parents in Quebec are being addressed. Various options for future research are proposed in the conclusion of the thesis. Key words : parenthood, intellectual disabilities, social representations, attitudes, family support, professionals, collaborative practice.

The purpose of this study was to examine parental actions to finance higher education. Data were analyzed from the 1995-96 National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS: 96). Results of this study indicated that gender, race, housing status, and attendance status of students were factors in the amount of loans that was assumed by parents. Further results indicated that parent'9s marital status, total parent contribution, parent income, the cost of attending, and institutional control were also factors in the amount of loans that were assumed by parents. The age of students and the amount of parent savings did not effect the percentage of parents who assumed loans nor did it effect the amount of loans that were assumed by parents. Recommendations for future research include a continued focus on how families, as a whole, are financing higher education, repayment practices and default rates of parents who assumed loans to pay for higher education, specific types of loans that parents use to fund higher education, parental debt and what ratio of their debt is due to educational loans. / Master of Arts

Text in Afrikaans / Die doel van hierdie studie was om die belewinge van die kind in die enkelouergesin te identifiseer. Die belewinge van skok, skuldgevoelens, woede, verwarring, vrees, onsekerheid, angs, oorbeskerming, sosiale verleentheid, ontoereikendheid, verwerping, verlies en verlange, smart en depressie is in die literatuur gevind. Daar is .ook positi.ewe belewinge gevind, asook dat belewinge onderdruk word. Ba.ie van die belewinge stem ooreen ongeag die oorsaak van die verlies, hetsy egskeiding of dood. Die empiriese studie bet bevestig dat onrealistiese betekenisgewing onderliggend aan bogenoemde belewinge is en dat die opvoedingsituasie problemati.es is omdat daar nie in die behoeftes van die kind voorsien word nie. Voorts is bevind dat faktore wat onderliggend is aan ongunstige belewinge in 'n groot mate ophetbaar is. Sekere aanbevelings is na aanleiding van die studie gedoen wat as riglyne gebruik kan word in die volwassene se bemoeienis met die kind in die enkelouergesin. / The object was to identify the experiences of a child in a single parent family. Experience such as guilt, anger, confusion, fear, insecurity, anguish, overprotectiveness, social embarrassment, inadequacy, rejection, a feeling of loss and yearning, grief and depression have been found in the literature studied. Favourable experiences have also been established as well as the fact that experiences are suppressed. Many experiences show a similarity regardless of the cause of the loss, be it divorce or death. The empirical study has confirmed that unrealistic meaning attribution is subjacent to these experiences and that educational problems exist due to the fact that provision for the needs of the child has not been made. Futhermore, it has also been found that factors 'Yhich are subjacent to these unfavourable experiences can, to a large extent be neutralized. Thus recommendations which can be guidelines for adult intervention with a child in a single parent family, have been made. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Voorligting)

The first part of this thesis examines the psychosocial characteristics of a cohort oj 270 bedwetting children attending a community enuresis service for treatment These children were recruited to a stratified cluster randomised controlled trial which forms the second part of this thesis in which additional information wa~ provided via a multimedia computer program and written leaflets. The mail clinical outcome measures were becoming dry and remaining dry six months pos discharge, time to dry, non-attendance and dropout rates. The main psycho socia measures were maternal tolerance, the impact of bedwetting and self-esteem. Th theoretical basis for the intervention(s) was the 'incomplete learning' model c bedwetting.' It was hypothesised that the intervention (s) would improve the sell efficacy of children through the mediation of cognitive, motivational, affectiv and self-selection changes (Bandura 1977). The randomisation procedure was slightly biased with children in the comput( group being sampled from a more affluent population and those in tl control/leaflets group from a more deprived population. There were also few, children from minority ethnic groups in the computer group. Significa differences were found between the ethnic groups in response to the impact bedwetting and maternal tolerance scales, together with parents' reports of th{ child's distress and parental worry. Therefore analysis was conducted on a samI matched by Jarman scores which excluded the children from affluent areas in t computer group and children from deprived areas in the control and leaflets grm Analysis was also conducted on the entire cohort. Bedwetting children had a lower self-esteem than school children. However, selfesteem improved with treatment with the greatest changes occurring for those who became dry. Low self-esteem was significantly related to a high impact of bedwetting. The presence of housing difficulties produced the least positive response on the psychosocial measurement scales. Low parent reported child distress and less severe wetting at initial assessment predicted a successfu: outcome. Although self-esteem was significantly lower for bedwetting children compared t( the school children the mean difference of less than one item suggests this result i not clinically meaningful. Nevertheless there are clearly some bedwettinJ children with less positive psychosocial and clinical situations. Bedwetting seem to be worse psychosocially for children from less affluent backgrounds, measure by the presence of housing difficulties, and those who are most distressed by it ne only have a lower self-esteem, but they are less likely to get dry. Howeve children's self-esteem does improve with treatment. The intervention( s) made no significant difference to any of the clinical outcorr measures or any of the psychosocial measures recorded during and post-treatmel for either the matched sample or the entire cohort. The absence of an intervention effect is disappointing and suggests that it is n sufficient merely to provide novel additional information to bedwetting childre Two main problems with the study design were identified. The large variation bedwetting children's time to dry suggests the outcome measures used may not sufficiently precise to detect a difference if one was present. The computer and the leaflets may have had insufficient power to produce changes in children at the level measured. Future research might wish to use a more intensive program where the computer intervention is combined with the leaflets. Nevertheles~ whilst this intensive training input and measurement is likely to motivate somt children this will not be the case for all.

A growing number of indjviduals in this country, who share a common background, are gaining academic success, accessing work-related training, further and higher education, and entering rewarding occupations. Their common background is home-schooling. They have received all or part of their 'compulsory' years of education at home. This is a study of a small number of such individuals aged sixteen and over. I include case studies of their family's home-schooling experiences and focus on the legacy that this 'alternative' education has provided for their transition into 'institutionalised' learning - at school, college, university or workplace. I explore political, historical and philosophical perspectives of the 'movement', which has escalated rapidly in the USA over the past twenty years and is gaining impetus in the UK. Views expressed by Education Authority officers, teachers and employers also help me to frame my inquiry into whether this educational provision presents an appropriate rather than (as I initially viewed it ) a radical alternative to school. As well as revealing the development of my understanding of this multifaceted, alternative form of 'child-centred' education, this study also examines the methodological complexities of the inquiry.

När det är dags för ett barn att överflyttas från en barnintensivvårdsavdelning (BIVA) till en vanlig vårdavdelning lämnas en känd miljö med känd personal och noggrann monitorering för att påbörja en ny fas på ett okänt ställe. Denna nya fas kan för föräldrarna representera förbättring av barnets hälsa och ett steg närmare hem, men är också initialt en period av oro, stress och rädsla. Studiens syfte var att beskriva föräldrars upplevelser av överflyttning av sitt barn från BIVA till vårdavdelning. En kvalitativ metod användes med intervjuer som datainsamlingsmetod där fem föräldrar intervjuades. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys valdes som analysmetod. Resultatet visar att information om vårdavdelningen, möjligheter för smärtlindring till barnet och innehåll i det som överrapporteras var viktigast för att känna kontroll och trygghet. Det sågs stora skillnader mellan BIVA och avdelningen men överflyttningen upplevdes även som ett positivt steg för förbättring och hemgång. Föräldrarna hade överlag en positiv upplevelse av överflyttningen. Kontroll och trygghet är viktigt vårdtiden igenom och så också under överflyttningen. Den minskade vårdnivån innebar att föräldrar fick ta ett större egenansvar.