No description available.

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

全球專利市場交易日趨白熱化，其背後隱含的意義除了各廠商之間的競爭角力外，更直接對營收帶來衝擊。目前專利市場中熱門的交易仍以電子相關產業為主之投資組合，台灣以積體電路及電子製造亮眼於國際舞台間，更應學習一種具備前瞻布局的眼光以及戰略。 競爭必然存在，回應市場的動能以及反應能力更應備妥，此論文以檢視台灣廠商的現有環境及條件，並環顧國際間爭相而起的新勢力，提出未來可能面臨的威脅及遭遇，並藉由台灣廠商的成功案例輔以說明，期望能剖析出市場的生態變化，並在變動的市場中做好因應的準備。

The aim of this research is to improve ways of reducing the damage caused by salts to cultural property. A specific focus of attention is the use of environmental control as a passive measure. Environmental control attempts to specify optimum ranges of relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T), to control salt phase transitions. To undertake environmental control a range of suitable climatic conditions are selected on the basis of thermodynamic calculations. These calculations are used to determine a range of RH and T in which salt phase transitions are minimised, and require very accurate analytical data of the salt content of the object. Unfortunately, in practice it is rarely possible to maintain this close range of RH and T. It therefore becomes necessary to know the speed of salt deterioration at levels of RH and T outside the optimum range, and establish the time it takes for damage to occur. Consequently, for environmental stabilisation measures to be successful, there are two critical areas where further research is mandatory. Environmental control is dependent on reliable information of the object's salt content, and better methods for determining this are needed. Moreover, an understanding of the rate of salt phase transitions is essential, so that the degree of control achieved is sufficient to limit the damage. These two issues are addressed by the present research. The work comprised both ex situ and in situ investigations. A key feature throughout was the use of statistical methods for the design of each component of the project. This approach provided a means of unravelling complex multi factor interactions, and gave clear unequivocal results. Laboratory experiments were undertaken to assess the rate of water vapour sorption by salt-contaminated stone and limeplaster. Experimental design and analysis of variance techniques were used to determine the relative significance of the following kinetic factors: RH, T, airspeed, salt mixture composition, salt concentration, and support type. In situ investigations were carried out at Cleeve Abbey, Somerset, to study the Cl3th wall paintings in the Sacristy over one year. The work included documentation, sampling and analysis of the paintings, and environmental monitoring. The results were subjected to statistical analysis to assess changes in the salt distribution, spatially and over time, in relation to the environmental conditions. The outcome of the ex situ and in situ investigations collectively provide important new information about the kinetics and mechanisms of salt damage, and reveal better practical methods for assessing and ameliorating these problems

No description available.

This study presents an examination of office development in the regional city in the period 1960-1987. The economics and structure of the development industry are analysed and related to an examination of the property markets of Leicester, Nottingham and Northampton. Information was obtained from observation surveys, unpublished material (planning records), questionnaire surveys covering estate agents, development interests and investors in office property and a postal questionnaire to property development companies. Many office buildings constructed in regional cities are developed by highly centralized development companies. The relationship between this type of company and the space-economy forms a central component of this study. The organizational and structural constraints which restrict property companies' search strategies to specific locations and types of property are identified. A detailed examination is undertaken of the information sources development companies use to identify individual sites. The structure of the site identification process is identified and analysed in the context of the overall structure of the development industry. Two classifications of development companies are examined and criticized for their failure to consider the role of space. The development process must be considered as a key spatial process since it provides the link between the economy and the land surface. A new classification of developers is formulated which explicitly accounts for differences in the spatial extent of their activities. This classification is used to analyse the development decision making process and a modified version is used in the case studies. The examination of the structure of relations between the interests involved in the property development process is an important component of this study. Previous research has failed to consider the relationship between the four capitals involved in the development process. A series of development intermediaries are identified which mediate between these capitals and the space-economy. It is argued that the actions of occupiers, property developers, investors, and development intermediaries are influenced, determined and often manipulated by the structure of the existing financial and property markets.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / The telemetry industry is entering a new era in which the technology employed and standards adopted may be covered by United States patents. This paper provides an overview to aid in understanding the characteristics of patents. Topics discussed are: What a patent is and isn't, scope of claim coverage of patents, determining infringement, designing around patents, and issues with standards covered by patents.

Research has demonstrated that the effects of intellectual property right (IPR) protection on firm research and competitive strategies are varied. This dissertation quantifies the dynamic effects of IPR protection along different dimensions. First, I show that countries choose different levels of IPR protection and develop a model to replicate these differences. This model enables me to assess the quantitative effects of trade, as well as the welfare impacts of global harmonization to a single IPR standard. Second, I explore whether IPR protection in the US is too strong. I develop a model in which firms make production and innovation decisions conditional on endogenous technological spillovers. I fit the model to key moments from US data and show that weakening patent protection is welfare decreasing. Thirdly, I show that changing US IPR standards during the 1980s had little real effect on the US Semiconductor industry vis-a-vis exogenous changes in market demand. / text

No description available.

No description available.