Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University.

Photocopy of typescript. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-01

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / This study was designed to investigate whether individuals with neurodermatitis would demonstrate in their fantasies and conscious descriptions of parent-child interactions specific patterns of parent-child relationships not shown to be present to a significant degree in either a group of symptom-free control subjects or a group of emotionally disturbed subjects, without psychosomatic disorders. The hypotheses of the study were stated in tenus of testable predictions. The first prediction was that neurodermatitis, as represented by a sample of college student patients, is associated with fantasies of high maternal Affection and Control, and with fantasies of low paternal Affection and Control. The second prediction was that neurodermatitis, as represented by a sample of college student: patients, is associated with the conscious reporting of high maternal Casual and Loving behavior, and with the conscious reporting of high paternal Demanding behavior [TRUNCATED]. / 2031-01-01

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / The purpose of this study was to explore parents' motivations for encouraging their children to participate in youth sport and to develop a scale to measure the aforementioned motivators. The study was conducted in three phases. The first phase consisted of the development of items for the initial Parents' Motivations for Children's Participation in Sport Scale (PMCPSS). The second phase encompassed administeting the PMCPSS to parents from a range of sports and analyzing that data through factor and item analyses. The third phase consisted of qualitative analysis and using the PMCPSS to examine differences in parental motivations. The sample consisted of 405 parents with children participating in the following youth sports: ice hockey, soccer, baseball, basketball, figure skating, volleyball, swimming, and lacrosse. Exploratory factor analysis and item analyses revealed 8 factors labeled as: Life skills; Identification with the child/sport experience; Leam to perform and compete; Child Self-Acceptance; Physical and social development; Enjoyment and family bonding; Achievement and rewards; and Interpersonal skill development. In addition to the reliability coefficients for each factor, a coefficient alpha estimate was conducted to examine the entire scale's reliability. Based on the factor and item analysis, 65 items were retained and the PMCPSS had an overall alpha of .954 and the 8 factors accounted for 49.1% of the variance. Moreover, qualitative analysis of the open-ended responses supported the eight-factor structure of the PMCPSS. Independent-samples t tests were then run utilizing the 65 item PMCPSS to evaluate parental differences (mothers and fathers) on each of the eight factors. This study builds upon previous research in youth sport with four significant contributions. First, it represents an initial step toward understanding why parents encourage their children to participate in youth sport. Second, the results indicate that parents' motivations for encouraging their children to participate in youth sport are multidimensional. Third, it led to the development of an instrument (the PMCPSS) that measures parents' motivations for encouraging their children to participate in youth sport that can be used for future research . Fourth, it demonstrates how the PMCPSS can be used in future research. / 2031-01-01

Introdução: O conhecimento do surgimento gradual dos núcleos de ossificação secundários do cotovelo é importante na avaliação de trauma em crianças, possibilitando o diagnóstico de fraturas e luxações ou mesmo descartando estas patologias, fatores estes que influenciam diretamente na decisão do tratamento, evolução e prognóstico da lesão. É amplamente difundido na literatura mundial que a ordem cronológica de aparecimento desses núcleos seja: capítulo do úmero, cabeça do rádio, epicôndilo interno ou medial, tróclea do úmero, olécrano e epicôndilo externo ou lateral, além da idade de seus surgimentos, porém estas informações apresentam certas divergências em diferentes estudos e publicações e sofrem alterações conforme a população estudada. Objetivos: Avaliar a ordem de surgimento e de fusão dos núcleos de ossificação secundários do cotovelo, correlacionar com a idade e gênero e descrever suas características na nossa população. Materiais e Métodos: Foram avaliados pacientes de 0 a 18 anos de idade já submetidos por indicação clínica ao exame de radiografia simples do cotovelo nas Unidade Campus e Unidade de Emergência do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP) no período de setembro de 2010 a setembro de 2015. Foram realizadas duas avaliações por 2 radiologistas de forma independente e às cegas com um intervalo de tempo de dois meses entre as leituras. Resultados: Em nosso estudo, observou-se uma tendência do núcleo de ossificação do olécrano surgir antes da tróclea, porém sem significância estatística. Nos pacientes do sexo feminino, notou-se que os núcleos surgem e se unem mais precocemente do que nos pacientes do sexo masculino, com exceção do capítulo e do rádio, além disso os núcleos do rádio e do epicôndilo medial apresentaram uma tendência de surgirem em idades semelhantes. Conclusão: Os núcleos de ossificação do cotovelo surgem e se fundem antes no sexo feminino. Além disso, há tendência do núcleo de ossificação do olécrano surgir antes da tróclea em ambos os sexos, bem como o do rádio e do epicôndilo medial aparecerem em idades semelhante no sexo feminino. / Introduction: The knowledge of the gradual appearance of secondary ossification of the elbow is important in the evaluation of trauma in children, allowing the diagnosis of fractures and dislocations or even discarding these conditions. These factors directly influence the treatment decision, evolution and prognosis of lesions. It is widespread in the literature that these nuclei appear in chronological order which is: the humerus capitellum, radial head, internal or medial epicondyle of the humerus trochlea, olecranon and outer or lateral epicondyle, as well as the age of their appearances. However, these information changes as diverse populations are studied in different studies and publications. Objectives: To evaluate the order of appearance and fusion of secondary ossification of the elbow cores correlate with age and gender and describe their characteristics in the studied population. Materials and Methods: We evaluated patients 0-18 years of age who have undergone a clinical indication to take simple elbow radiography in Campus Unit and Emergency Unit of the Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo ( FMRP-USP) from September 2010 to September 2015. Two independent and blind evaluations were performed by two radiologists with a two-month time interval. Results: In our study, we observed a tendency of ossification nucleus of the olecranon to appear before the trochlea, but without statistical significance. In female patients, it was noticed that the nuclei arise and fuse earlier than in male patients, except for the capitellum and radio. Also, the nuclei of radio and medial epicondyle tended to arise in similar ages Conclusion: The elbow ossification centers arise and fuse before in females than in males. In addition, there is a tendency of ossification nucleus of the olecranon to appear before the trochlea in both sexes, as well as the radio and the medial epicondyle nuclei appear at similar ages in females.

In the qualitative phase of the study, 47 parents in Beijing were interviewed using a design that was unstructured and allowed free conversations and responses. The results are as the following: Confucianism has lost its dominant role in parenting beliefs. Most parents held the view that the relationship between parents and children should be equal rather than hierarchical and girls and boys should be treated equally. Collectivism is not regarded as the standard in regulating children's social behavior. Most parents were not aversive toward aggression but were very negative about social withdrawal. Chinese parenting is characterized by a stronger presence of warmth rather than control. Parents showed high levels of warmth which was related to children both psychologically and physically. Parental control, on the other hand, was exercised with children's input and understanding. Children's academic and cognitive development represents a particularly strong focus in Chinese parenting. Most parents invested heavily in advancing children's academic performance in terms of both time and economic expenditure. / In the quantitative phase of the study, 645 children and their parents were administered a set of questionnaires. Factor analysis and structural equation modeling and other analyses yield the following findings: The data analysis support the multi-dimension structure of Chinese parenting. Besides the dimension proposed by the western researchers Chinese parents also show their warmth and control to the children physically. Mean levels in modern parenting beliefs, authoritative parenting style, psychological and physical warmth, and behavioral control were higher than those of traditional parenting beliefs, authoritarian parenting style, psychological and physical control, respectively. Modern parenting beliefs, psychological and physical warmth, authoritative parenting style played positive roles in children development. Traditional parenting beliefs, psychological and physical control, and authoritarian parenting style were negatively associated with children's self-concept and academic achievement, and were positively associated with aggression and withdrawal. Children's self-concept play a mediating role in the relationship of parenting and children's development. Finally, the effects of gender and age was also discussed. / This study used both qualitative and quantitative methods to explore parenting and its effects on child social and academic development in modern urban China. / 王燕. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2005. / 參考文獻(p. 176-193). / Adviser: Lei Chang. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: A, page: 0096. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in English. / School code: 1307. / Lun wen (Zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2005. / Can kao wen xian (p. 176-193). / Wang Yan.

This study explores discourses around private three- and four-dimensional (3/4D) ultrasound scans in pregnancy, the experiences of women who have 3/4D scans and what impact these scans may have on pregnant women. A critical discourse analysis of scanning company websites was undertaken to explore the discourses, identities and genres set up on the websites. Longitudinal interviews exploring women’s experiences of 3/4D scans were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Case studies, using longitudinal questionnaire and interview data, were used to investigate the psychological impact of 3/4D scans on pregnant women. The critical discourse analysis revealed mixed discourses, identities and genres. While 3/4D scans are not overtly medical, they nevertheless contain medical aspects. They are promoted as enhancing bonding and reassurance. In the interview analysis, two superordinate themes emerged: ‘Getting to know the baby’ and ‘Experiences of pregnancy’. While the women’s physical and emotional experiences of pregnancy varied considerably, there were more convergences in the desire to ‘get to know’ the fetus and how women approached this. While routine and 3/4D scans played an important role, fetal movement also emerged as a significant factor. The case studies showed that the psychological impact was not consistent. Scans had no effect on fetal health locus of control, may have reduced anxiety about specific issues for some women and may have had a positive impact on some components of bonding for some women. It is not possible to state categorically that they reduce anxiety or increase bonding. The psychological impact of 3/4D scans appears to be individually mediated and depends on pregnancy experience and individual psychological differences, highlighting the significance of individual factors in both research and practice. Two opposing discourses portray 3/4D scans as either beneficial, by enhancing reassurance and bonding, or problematic, by undermining women’s embodied knowledge and experience and being potentially risky. This study suggests that neither of these two conflicting discourses are reflected in women’s experiences. The women in this study were not motivated primarily by bonding or reassurance when choosing 3/4D scans, but considered them a nice experience; on the other hand, the scans do not seem to have had a detrimental impact either. The interview analysis suggests that women acquire knowledge about the fetus through scans and fetal movement and combine these to make sense of the fetus. This study also provides evidence that the concept and measurement of bonding during pregnancy is problematic and that professional and academic perspectives are not necessarily reflected in women’s experiences.