Thesis (Ph.D.(Mechanical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Abstract in English. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Newton Muller Pereira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-23T14:49:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ValenzuelaTurdera_EduardoMirko_D.pdf: 19451609 bytes, checksum: 8f95fa898e492a82fcc06422cdf5a42a (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997 / Resumo: o presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta de regulação para o mercado de gás natural no Brasil. Partindo da constatação de que o modelo do Estado-intervencionista está em crise, especialmente quanto ao seu papel de principal gestor de desenvolvimento do setor energético do país, analisa-se e discute-se o modelo alternativo, no qual o papel do Estado é essencialmente regulador. Nesse modelo destaca-se a introdução de uma autoridade reguladora, a qual tem entre suas principais atribuições criar a competitividade sistêmica, propiciar a concorrência, evitar formação de monopólios e cartéis e proteger o consumidor. Experiências reguladoras em mercados gasíferos apontam para um órgão regulador autônomo e independente como condição sine-qua-non de garantia de total idoneidade nas suas decisões. O trabalho, também sinaliza o tipo de regulação mais adequada na atual conjuntura da economia de mercado brasileira. Apresentam-se os mecanismos de regulação de carácter econômico, político, jurídico e ambiental que podem promover a estruturação de um mercado de gás natural eficiente e competitivo no Brasil. As sugestões e propostas dão subsídios e complementam a Lei 9.478, que estabelece a nova política brasileira para o setor de petróleo e gás natural, cria a autoridade reguladora e define sua competência / Abstract: In this work we present a specific regulation proposal to Brazilian natural gas market. The study verify that interventionist State model nowadays is suffering a crisis sharp in its conception. State's role as the main actor in the energy sector development is in a critical situation worldwide, because it does not have financial resources necessary to invest. In the new model State will be especially regulator. The regulator authority existence is very important, which principal tasks are to create systemic competitiveness, to propitiate competition, to avoid monopoly or cartels formation and to protect final-consumer. Regulation experiences in natural gas markets have shown the imperative condition of autonomy and independence of the regulator authority to guarantee aptness in its make-decision. This work defines the regulation model adequate to the Brazilian market economy. Economical, political, legal and environmental aspects are presented through regulation mechanisms, which are able to promote an efficient and competitive Brazilian natural gas market. The suggestion and the proposal done in this work grant regulator tools to complete the Act 9478, which defines the new oil and natural gas policy and creates the regulator authority and its competence / Doutorado / Doutor em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos

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The high pressure turbine stage can be considered the most important component for the efficiency and longevity of a modern gas turbine. The flow field within this stage is highly complex and is both unsteady and three-dimensional. Understanding this flow field is essential if improvements are to be made to future engine designs. Increasingly designers are placing more emphasis on the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) rather than experimental results. CFD methods can be more flexible and cost effective. However before these predictions can be used they must be validated against experimental data at engine conditions. The hostile environment and complexity of flows within a gas turbine engine mean that collection of experimental data is extremely challenging. This thesis describes the development of an instrumentation technique for unsteady gas turbine flow measurement capable of resolving unsteady three-dimensional flow. The technique is based on an aerodynamic probe constructed with miniature semiconductor pressure transducers manufactured by Kulite Semiconductor Inc. Measurements recorded using this instrumentation technique from the Oxford Rotor experiment are presented to illustrate its use, and these in turn are compared with a CFD prediction of the rotor flow-field. This work was funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and Kulite Semiconductor Inc. The Oxford Rotor project is jointly funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), and Rolls-Royce Plc.

Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor / Analiza los parámetros principales que gobiernan el flujo de gas natural, en la instalación de derivaciones de redes de polietileno. Las redes de polietileno pertenecen al grupo de redes de baja presión, ya que su presión máxima de operación es de 5 bar, establecido por la Concesionaria Gas Natural de Lima y Callao, Cálidda. / Trabajo de suficiencia profesional

A dissertation submitted to the faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering – Chemical Engineering Johannesburg, 2017 / In this research, the C, H and O bond equivalent diagram was used to design processes for DME synthesis using natural gas as a feed. This research proposes alternative ways of producing DME using natural gas (a cleaner gas) compared to the traditional routes. The different feed combinations were assessed for the production of syngas. The crucial step is the H2:CO ratio in each feed which determines the DME synthesis process route and yield. The syngas process was developed under equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions (assuming 100% methane conversion). The region of operation on the ternary bond diagram was limited by mass and energy balance and carbon deposition boundaries. The feed composition was as follows, (1) Feed 1: methane, steam and oxygen (2) Feed 2: methane, oxygen and carbon dioxide (3) Feed 3: methane, oxygen, carbon dioxide and water. Feed (2) had the highest DME yield. The most optimal reaction route produced DME via the JFE reaction route (H2:CO =1). The yield of DME was 0.67 moles of DME per mole methane processed under non-equilibrium conditions. The proposed route does not emit CO2, excess CO2 is recycled back to the reforming reactor. Under equilibrium, the yield of DME was 0.25 mole DME per mole methane processed. The results indicate that a combination of partial oxidation and dry reforming produces a syngas composition which results in a high DME yield compared to (1) and (3). / MT2017

El gas licuado de petróleo se ha convertido en uno de los principales combustibles para las familias peruanas (Mercado de GLP OSINERGMIN, 2011). Por otro lado, en el gas natural se ha hallado un nuevo recurso para el sector residencial (OSINERGMIN, 2012). A pesar de la citada relevancia, no existe un estudio experimental de rendimiento térmico en cocinas anafe utilizando gas licuado de petróleo y gas natural considerando las ciudades cuya altitud es superior a la de la ciudad de Lima. Frente a esta necesidad, el presente trabajo abarca un estudio experimental de cuatro cocinas anafe comerciales y una cocina prototipo diseñada en la PUCP (Del Castillo Velarde, 2015) utilizando gas licuado de petróleo y gas natural para altitudes en el rango de 2200 y 4200 m s.n.m. el cual contribuye con dar a conocer la potencia, rendimiento térmico, emisiones y consumo de las cocinas anafe. Para el desarrollo de este estudio se estableció un procedimiento de ensayo según la norma de cocinas domésticas Nch927/1 (INN-CHILE, 2001) que ha permitido obtener los datos necesarios para los ensayos de rendimiento térmico y emisiones. El trabajo de campo fue realizado a través de un equipo que viajó a cinco ciudades cuyas alturas están en el rango de 2200 y 4200 m s.n.m. Matucana (2293), Tarma (2891), Huancayo (3126), La Oroya (3706) y Cerro Pasco (4155). En base a los datos obtenidos se realizaron los cálculos con el fin de obtener la potencia, rendimiento térmico, emisiones y consumo mensual de cada cocina en el rango de los 2200 a 4200 m s.n.m. Luego del análisis de los resultados, el trabajo de tesis concluye que la potencia de la cocina anafe disminuye 0.56% por cada 100 m de incremento de altura sobre el nivel del mar. Además, se concluye que un quemador atmosférico doméstico cumplirá satisfactoriamente referente a tiempo, ahorro y salud si tiene una potencia entre 1.4 kW y 2 kW, rendimiento térmico mayor a 50 % y emisiones por debajo de 0.15 %(co)n para una altitud por encima de los 2200 metros sobre el nivel del mar. / Tesis