0 / SPK / specialcollections@tulane.edu

0 / SPK / specialcollections@tulane.edu

Selective chemical reactions that can be accomplished with minimal waste using non-toxic catalysts and reagents will allow for new greener chemical processes for future environmentally sustainable technologies. This work will present an account on enantioselective nucleophilic addition to carbon-nitrogen and carbon-oxygen double bonds mediated by the environmentally benign indium and bismuth metals. The dissertation entitled “ Stereoselective carbon-carbon bond construction using indium and bismuth: new methods in green chemistry” is divided into three chapters Chapter one outlines a few concepts in green chemistry and background information on the vital role of indium and bismuth in present day organic synthesis. The development of a procedure for using allylic alcohol derivatives for ümpolung type allylation of chiral hydrazones is described in chapter two. This procedure affords homo allylic amines in good yields and excellent diastereoselectivity. An interesting study with respect to the mechanism of the reaction has been conducted. Switching gears towards the end of this chapter, ultrasound-promoted indium-mediated Reformatsky reaction of chiral hydrazones is described. This chapter describes a potential green chemical method for making β-amino acids. In chapter three, indium mediated enantioselective allylation of α-ketoamides is described. The developed procedure is applied in the allylation of linear and cyclic α- ketoamides. Overall, an operationally simple and environmentally benign stratergy development has been explained. The later section of this chapter discusses the Reformatsky reaction in isatin series using the same protocol applied for imines. To fully explore any organometallic reaction, it is important to understand the mechanism with which they operate at molecular level. Chapter three outlines some of our attempts to understand the enantioselective indium and bismuth mediated allylation and the nature of chiral- indium and bismuth Lewis acids. A postive non-linear effect has been observed and studied in bismuth-mediated allylation. Key findings obtained in each chapter and their implications to the future of our research is also discussed in each chapter. The chapters also details on what we understood about the potentials of organoindium and organobismuth chemistry towards developing new green chemical methods.

ABSTRACT   Date:                                  2020-06-06   Level:                                 Bachelor Thesis in Business Administration, 15 cr   Institution:   School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University   Authors:         Elina Nurmi                         Julia Darnéus Ekeroth   Natasha Milner             (1993-01-08)                              (1996-07-24)                                  (1998-05-05)   Title:                                  Investigating the ‘Greenness’ of Young Consumers   Tutor:                                David Freund   Keywords:  Environmental concern, green marketing, green consumer, green scepticism, green purchase decision. Research Question: How can environmental concern, exposure to green marketing and green scepticism influence young consumers’ green purchase decisions?   Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how young consumers’ green purchase decisions can be influenced by their environmental concern, exposure to green marketing and lastly, green scepticism. It will be analysed if consumers are now overexposed to green marketing, whether there is an action/awareness gap, and lastly, the number of green consumers in the sample will be established.   Method: Primary data was collected through a quantitative research method, via a self-completion online questionnaire. The chosen sample was Swedes, aged 18-30 and consisted of 140 respondents. IBM SPSS Statistics was used for the statistical tests undertaken such as Cronbach’s Alpha, Chi-square, Pearson’s correlation and Regression analysis.   Conclusion: Environmental concern and green scepticism were found to have a significant influence on the young Swedish consumers’ green purchase decision. A great deal of the sample possessed environmental concern, and it was found to influence their green purchase decision positively. The participants were not sceptical of green marketing, and green scepticism was found to significantly and negatively influence their green purchases. Finally, the young Swedes were minimally underexposed to green marketing with a slight negative, but insignificant, influence on green purchase decisions.

Aux environs de Paris, entre le cœur d’agglomération et la couronne rurale, entre ville et campagne, s’étend un espace hybride où la part des espaces végétalisés – boisements, espaces agricoles, délaissés – est prépondérante mais fragmentée par les espaces bâtis. Le Conseil régional d’Île-de-France a cherché à mettre en valeur cet entre-deux au début des années 1980 au travers d’un projet de ceinture verte, outil d’aménagement conçu au cours du XXe siècle pour lutter contre l’étalement urbain. Faute de moyens, ne tranchant pas sur des limites précises, se chargeant de fonctions fluctuantes, la Ceinture verte est restée à l’état de projet flou. Dans le même temps, l’espace de la Ceinture verte n’a eu de cesse d’être investi par des attentes environnementales des citadins : quête d’un cadre de vie et de loisirs proches de la « nature », préoccupations en faveur de la biodiversité, recherche de services écosystémiques. Cette thèse montre le poids de ces attentes socio-environnementales sur la végétation, la territorialisation à laquelle elle participe ou la déterritorialisation dont elle est le symptôme, selon qu’elle est désirée ou délaissée. En observant les caractéristiques très anthropiques de la flore, cette thèse donne donc à voir la dimension sociale de la végétation en Ceinture verte, par-delà les velléités environnementales. Pour y parvenir, elle recourt à des méthodes géomatiques, d’analyse paysagère et de biogéographie (via des analyses statistiques multivariées de données botaniques originales), dans le cadre renouvelé d’une géographie environnementale qui participe indissociablement de la géographie physique et de la géographie humaine. En Ceinture verte, la question environnementale est d’abord un instrument de l’aménagement urbain contribuant à la qualité du cadre de vie au sein des espaces les plus favorisés (la vallée de Chevreuse est ici prise en exemple), et à la mise en ordre urbaine des espaces les moins bien intégrés à la métropole (la Plaine de Pierrelaye en est une illustration). Se construit ainsi à la périphérie de Paris une nature domestiquée, jardinée, urbanisée. / In the surroundings of Paris, between the urban heart and the rural outer ring, between the city and the countryside, lies an hybrid area mainly composed of vegetation spaces – woodland, cropland, spontaneous vegetation – which are fragmented by the urban sprawl. In the early 1980’s, the Île-de-France regional Council sought to protect those in-between spaces by promoting a Green belt. In the case of Paris, due to a lack of law support, confusions in the boundaries and evolving functions, the implementation of this planning tool, developed to contain urban sprawl along the 20th century, failed. Meanwhile, the area of the Green belt has never stopped gaining environmental attention from city dwellers. There, they especially seek a quality of life and leasures in « natural » landscapes, they are concerned about biodiversity preservation, they wish to benefit from ecosytem services. This thesis shows the impact of socio-environmental expectations on vegetation spaces by shaping or dismantling territories, depending on the attractiveness of the vegetation or its neglect. Hence, by highlighting the anthropogenic characteristics of plants, our work shows the social dimension of vegetation, despite the environmental intentions. Geomatic methods, landscape analysis and biogeography methods (statistical analysis of botanical data) are conveyed in the spirit of a renewed environmental geography which mingles physical and human geography. In the Île-de-France Green belt, environmental issues serve urban planning objectives, i.e. contribute to the quality of life in the wealthier parts (Vallée de Chevreuse is used as an example here) and put into urban order the less integrated areas (Plaine de Pierrelaye illustrates this aspect). As a result, a domesticated, gardened, even urbanised type of nature is being created in the surroudings of Paris.

Bibliography: leaves 283-296. / Within the Western cosmology there are two distinct interpretations of how humans should relate to their environment, and for the purpose of this dissertation these interpretations have been characterized as cultural paradigms. The paradigms are not concrete entities, they are merely useful abstractions for grouping together mutually supporting assumptions. It is held that the socially dominant interpretation centres on an assumption that people are distinct from nature, while the alternative suggests they are a part of Nature. It is held that the expression of the axioms and assumptions which are collected within what is here called the Dominant Western Environmental Paradigm leads inevitably to a situation of stress and conflict between humans and their environment. The existence of significant anthropogenic ecological stress in the planetary system is taken as given. It is argued that this stress is a symptom of an inappropriately conceptualized relationship between humans and nature. It is further held that the interface between human and nature is a traditional area of geographical concern, and that geography as a discipline should be taking active steps to research the problems and propose solutions. Reasons for the failure of geography as a discipline to address the issue adequately are explored. It is argued that the process of working through the assumptions of the Dominant Western Environmental Paradigm leads to a situation where science, including geography, is subordinated socially to the dictates of economic rationality, and is thus unable to mount a significant challenge to the social and economic structures which are at the root of the ecological stress. It is concluded that only by the conscious process of stepping outside the dominant cultural paradigm will geographers be able to examine the full scope of the problems, and that by framing the disciplinary paradigm of geography so as to be in sympathy with the assumptions of the Green cultural paradigm geographers will discover new and appropriate tools of analysis as well as potential solutions to the ecological stress problem. A number of these are presented and explored. A failure to step outside the ruling framework will, however, constrain analysis. It is argued that no paradigm shift has occurred, on a disciplinary (geographical) or a cultural scale, but that alternative frameworks are sufficiently coherent to support the possibility of such a revolution.

The influence of visual elements in green print advertising to potentially affect changes in human consumptive practices has been explored in this dissertation. This was investigated via web-based questionnaires administered to business school students (n = 135) where the manipulation of the key visual elements of extent of visuals used relative to the copy, and the inclusion of visual rhetoric (i.e. the use of imagery to convey a message) were explored. To determine this, varying sets of adverts were presented and respondents were requested to rate their attitude towards the advert; their likelihood to purchase the product shown, and to indicate which adverts they preferred. Potential moderating variables related to the observer (i.e. need for cognition and need for emotion) and the adverts (i.e. product type and brand) were also evaluated. The findings demonstrated that visuals with in adverts and the use of visual rhetoric could produce statistically different results form adverts without these visual elements. However there was also evidence to suggest that the use and application of visuals is complex in nature and not easily achieved in practical applications. The main reasons for this related to the fact that it is difficult to define visuals at the exclusion of other variables; and that the manner in which a consumer processes this visual is a key determinant that is influenced by processing style/attitude and is consequently not easily controlled. The research also attempted to explore the impacts of related moderator variables such as product type and familiarity of brand but due to design constraints and difficulties in explaining findings such results proved inconclusive. The research report concludes with recommendations for future research and application; stressing the importance of the end goal of sustainable consumption. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

This thesis contains the results of various green concrete samples subjected to different vibration intensities to determine how green concrete withstands against these vibration intensities. The green concrete was exposed to these vibrations at times before, during, and after the concrete had set. The concrete was also exposed to different timed durations while being subjected to the different vibration levels. Every batch of concrete mixed included a controlled (un-vibrated) set of cylinders and a vibrated set of cylinders. The compressive strength and the resistivity of these concrete cylinders were measured and compared to determine if there was any significant difference between the two sets. It was found that the vibrations subjected to the cylinders did not create a significant effect; given the vibrations levels and timed durations stay within the limits of this study.

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