Bicycle manufacturers in Punjab and Haryana

These essays investigate the role of entrepreneurial human capital as a driver of innovation and growth. In the first chapter, I estimate the effect of manager education on firm employment growth using administrative panel data on the universe of firms in Portugal between 1995 and 2009. I exploit manager changes and switches between management and other occupations to account for unobserved firm and manager characteristics as well as selection into management. I find that a year of manager schooling increases firm growth by around 0.25 percentage points per year, and also increases survival. In addition, manager education is a highly persistent firm characteristic. These findings imply that manager education can lead to large differences in firm size over the lifecycle. On average, a firm with a college educated manager starts out just nine percent larger than a firm with a primary school educated manager. In a simple simulation, I find that it grows to two thirds larger by age 12 and three times larger by age 30. Entrepreneurial human capital can increase growth through different mechanisms. One of them is the ability to incorporate advances in the technological frontier into production. In the second chapter I explore the importance of this mechanism by analyzing the relationship between local demand for knowledge and city growth using a new database of 5.5 million books published in Europe from 1450 to 1800. The database consists of individual book data drawn from over 72,000 library catalogs around the world, including most major national and research libraries. Exploiting within-city variation, I find that book production is a strong predictor of subsequent population growth. I then distinguish between possible interpretations of this relationship using information on book subjects. I find that the results are robust for books on technology, finance, medicine and history, with technology and finance having the largest coefficients. In addition, although science books as a whole are insignificant, books on chemistry and geology also increase growth, which is consistent with the important roles of chemistry and coal mining during the Industrial Revolution. Books on other topics, such as religion or literature, are not associated with growth, suggesting that the findings reflect the diffusion of knowledge rather than literacy or consumption. / Business Economics

Globalization has opened up national borders, which has led to a spread of companies globally and a culturally diverse nature of labor. Efficient cultural diversity management (CDM) has become a significant challenge for organizations and managers have to find ways of managing a cross-cultural staff, as a disregard of cultural dissimilarities is the cause of most failures by cross-national businesses. The literature on diversity management has mainly been focused on domestic models, resulting in a lack of research regarding how this is done in an international context and how multinational companies (MNCs) are answering to an increasingly globalized staff. To address this gap, this study contributes to the existing literature by examining CDM within a MNC. In order to provide a better understanding of how to manage cultural diversity in a multinational company, two research questions were stated, which focused on approaches and managerial skills within CDM. The study was conducted using a qualitative case study approach and data was collected through three semi-structured interviews with managers within a Swedish MNC. The findings showed that the investigated MNC uses five out of seven approaches outlined inprevious literature regarding CDM, whereas four of them are used to some extent and one to agreater extent. Furthermore, the literature outlined 29 managerial skills, whereas the findings supported 12 of them but also contributed with a number of additional managerial skills perceived as necessary. Overall, the findings showed that the investigated MNC both encourages and is positive toward cultural diversity at the workplace. / Gränser mellan länder öppnas upp som ett resultat av globaliseringen, vilket har resulterat i en spridning av företag globalt och en kulturellt varierande arbetskraft. Effektiv hantering av kulturell mångfald har blivit en stor utmaning för företag. Chefer måste hitta sätt att hantera en tvärkulturell arbetskraft eftersom ignorans av kulturella olikheter är orsaken till flest misslyckanden hos gränsöverskridande företag. Litteraturen gällande hantering av kulturell mångfald har i huvudsak fokuserat på inhemska modeller, vilket har resulterat i att det saknas forskning gällande hur detta görs i ett internationellt sammanhang samt hur multinationella företag svarar på en alltmer globaliserad arbetskraft. Denna studie bidrar till den befintliga litteraturen genom att undersöka hur kulturell mångfald kan hanteras inom ett multinationellt företag. För att nå en bättre förståelse för hur man hanterar kulturell mångfald i ett multinationellt företag, formulerades två forskningsfrågor med fokus på tillvägagångssätt och chefliga kompetenser för att hantera kulturell mångfald. Denna studie utfördes genom en kvalitativ fallstudie och data samlades in genom tre semistrukturerade intervjuer med chefer inom ett svenskt multinationellt företag. Resultaten visade att det undersökta multinationella företaget använder fem av sju tillvägagångssätt som är presenterade i tidigare litteratur om CDM, medan fyra av dem används i viss utsträckning och en i större utsträckning. Vidare redogjorde litteraturen för 29 ledarskapskompetenser. Resultaten bekräftade 12 av dem men bidrog även med ett antal ytterligare ledarskapskompetenser som uppfattades som nödvändiga. Sammantaget visade resultaten att det undersökta multinationella företaget både uppmuntrar och är positivt mot kulturell mångfald på arbetsplatsen.

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Which investments in energy efficiency measures have been done as a result of RegionHallands energy audit checks? In the view of which economical aspects have proposed measures in the energy audits been done? Does the companies experience some kind of barriers regarding the investments and what kind of incentives could possibly stimulate the implementation of energy efficiency measures?

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Abstract Title Perception of consumers regarding the use of data in the sharing economy. Authors Laval Maeva & Noiraut Alexian Level Bachelor thesis, 15 ECTS credit Supervisor Venilton Reinert Examiner Hélène Laurell Keywords sharing economy, Y generation, consumers’ perception, and data Background As link between consumption of collaborative economy and perception of data had not yet been investigated; a more indepth analysis of consumer perception of data use by companies is needed. Purpose The purpose of this study is to understand the consumers’ perception about the use of their data by companies of the sharing economy. The goal is to see if they are aware of this phenomenon and if it would modify their behavior regarding the use of these online platforms. Research Question How does the generation Y perceive the fact that companies use their data in Sharing Economy businesses? Method A quantitative, qualitative research has been done for this study to understand generation Y's perception of the sharing economy regarding the use of data by companies. With this research, we focused on a survey but also on four focus groups composed of five persons: French students aged from 18 to 25 years old who travel often for both studies and leisure. We took people from different social backgrounds and have chosen different studies. We emphasize this research with previous theories about the consumer behavior with the buyer decision process in the sharing economy, the selfperception and the price-perception. Theoretical framework: Theories regarding perception on several aspects, from the individual values, to benefit going through price have been included as a basis of discussion in order to analyze our empirical findings. Findings and conclusion Through our research study, we have seen that the Y generation uses the sharing economy essentially for the economy benefit and the time saved but also for its social character and its environmental aspect. Data protection is a really concerning matter for Y generation but they don’t do much about it. Internet use is essential for young people so they accept, when they are aware, to give their data against the free usage of the platform. In addition, we have noticed that the main marketing application of data collection, customized advertising, are misconducted by companies and doesn’t reach users. Despite the awareness of users regarding the protection of data, this generation thinks that collaborative platforms are not so intrusive in their privacy regarding personal information request.