published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Work

published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Work

<p>Syftet med studien är att undersöka pedagogers ansvarstagande och inställning till anmälningsplikt av barn som far illa. Vi vill också ta reda på om de ändrar sitt förhållnings- och arbetssätt gentemot det utsatta barnet och barngruppen samt om pedagogerna anser att de får tillräckligt med stöd vid en anmälningsprocess.</p><p>I studien har vi valt att använda oss av enkäter. Vi delade ut enkäterna till alla pedagoger på två olika skolor. Av 44 utdelade enkäter fick vi tillbaka 33 och vi använde oss av 32 stycken.</p><p>Resultatet visar att flertalet av pedagogerna var medvetna om anmälningsprocessen av barn som far illa. De som anmält misstanke om barn som far illa till socialtjänsten kände känslor som exempelvis ledsamhet, osäkerhet och psykisk påfrestning. Hälften av pedagogerna hade inte anmält misstanke och den främsta anledningen var att de inte stött på barn som far illa. Andra anledningar var känslor som osäkerhet och rädsla. Många ansåg att de inte förändrade förhållningssätt gentemot barnet och barngruppen. De pedagoger som ansåg sig delvis ha förändrat sitt förhållningssätt kommenterade det som att de kände mer förståelse och var mer observanta mot barnet. Flertalet av pedagogerna kände att de fick tillräckligt med stöd vid en anmälan, stödet kom från exempelvis rektor/ledning, specialpedagog och arbetslag. Majoriteten ansåg att det behövs mer kunskap om barn som far illa och anmälningsprocessen.</p>

The present study is an exploratory analysis of associations among sexual orientation, childhood abuse, and characteristics of both early and current family environment in a sample of 80 inpatient trauma survivors. Participants were administered a background information questionnaire, Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule, the Family Environment Scale and other instruments not analyzed in the current study. Multi-type abuse was significantly associated with low expressiveness and independence and high control in the early family, but no associations emerged with current family characteristics. Results suggest that the intergenerational transmission of family organization and moral-religious orientation occurred in the entire sample, and the transmission of family conflict patterns occurred only in the L/G/B group. Overall, participants perceived improvements in their current family environments compared to their early family environments. Findings yield support for the sexual minority stress model and mixed support for the intergenerational transmission of family characteristics.

Understanding pathways to physical child abuse may aid in creating and implementing abuse prevention services. Yet studying child abuse in community samples of parents is fraught with challenges. One solution to these challenges is to examine markers of physical child abuse, rather than asking about abuse directly. The goal of the current investigation is to test a theoretical model of processes that increase the presence of four proximal risk factors, or markers, which have been linked to increased risk for physical child abuse in mothers of young children. The four markers of physical child abuse include: child abuse potential, over-reactive discipline, spanking acceptance, and mothers’ negative child perceptions. Positive associations between an accumulation socio-contextual risk and markers of physical abuse are hypothesized. An accumulation of socio-contextual risk is expected to indirectly predict markers of physical abuse by reducing parenting locus of control, or parents’ perceptions of control in the parent-child relationship. Furthermore, social support and children’s externalizing behavior problems are expected to diminish or intensify this mediated process, respectively. Participants included 85 mothers of young children (ages 1½ to 5 years) from diverse backgrounds. Of the four markers of abuse, cumulative risk and parenting locus of control were correlated only with mothers’ child abuse potential and no statistical association between cumulative risk and parenting locus of control was found. Limited support for moderation hypotheses emerged. Theoretical implications are discussed.

M.A.

Written within an existentialist mode, Nakamura Fuminori’s early fictional works lend themselves to be read as therapeutic technologies reaching out to Japanese youth whose lives are marked by anxiety, isolation, and precariousness. Because English-language scholarship on Nakamura is lacking, this thesis analyzes two of his novels – Child of Dirt and Evil and the Mask – in order to introduce how Nakamura understands the human, how his texts function formally as therapeutic technologies, and how, in the final analysis, they exhibit a nascent sexism that borders on misogyny.

by Tsang Yin-Ping Kitty. / Bibliography: leaves 160-168 / Thesis (M.S.W.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong

Leung, Wai Shun. / "April 2008." / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-148). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.8 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Background --- p.16 / Attitudes towards child abuse among doctors --- p.17 / Doctors' reporting behaviours --- p.20 / Factors associated with doctors' reporting behaviours --- p.21 / Reporting systems in foreign countries --- p.29 / Effectiveness of mandatory reporting system --- p.32 / Summary --- p.36 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Child Abuse in Hong Kong --- p.37 / Prevalence of child abuse in Hong Kong --- p.37 / Child abuse management in Hong Kong --- p.41 / Summary --- p.46 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Aims and hypotheses --- p.47 / Aims and objectives --- p.49 / Hypotheses --- p.50 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Methods --- p.52 / Participants --- p.52 / Procedure --- p.55 / Measures --- p.56 / Ethical considerations --- p.60 / Data analysis --- p.61 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Results --- p.63 / Characteristics of responding doctors --- p.63 / Definition of child abuse --- p.64 / Attitudes towards corporal punishment and opinions on child abuse issues --- p.67 / Reporting behaviours among doctors --- p.70 / Doctors' perceived importance of barriers and their relationships with reporting behaviours --- p.72 / Doctors' attitudes towards local reporting system --- p.74 / Tables 1-12 --- p.78 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Discussion --- p.92 / Strengths of the study --- p.93 / Limitations of the study --- p.94 / Discussions on the findings --- p.97 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Implications and recommendations --- p.110 / Implications of the present study --- p.110 / Suggestions to improve the management of child abuse in Hong Kong --- p.111 / Conclusions --- p.124 / Appendix 1-9 --- p.128 / Bibliography --- p.137

Background. Mounting research has established child maltreatment as a significant risk factor for negative mental health outcomes in adulthood. However, the mechanisms through which childhood maltreatment exerts its detrimental effect on psychological functioning in adulthood are not well understood. Attachment theory and cognitive theory provide useful theoretical frameworks in explaining the etiology of adult psychopathology, but no prior research has tested the mediating mechanisms of insecure attachment pattern, intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and rumination within a unified model. / Objectives. There are three main objectives in the current study: (1) to explore the relationships among child maltreatment history and adult depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as insecure attachment pattern, IU and rumination; (2) to test a etiological mediation model with distal child maltreatment predicting adult emotional outcomes via the mediating processes of insecure attachment pattern, IU and rumination; and (3) to investigate whether rumination would mediate the path between IU and adult emotional outcomes. / Method. A total of 322 adults receiving clinical psychological service in the Clinical Psychology Units of the Social Welfare Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, completed the questionnaires with measures on early childhood maltreatment, attachment pattern, IU, rumination, adult emotional outcomes and proximal life stress. Structural equation modeling was conducted for data analysis. / Results. The present study showed that child maltreatment was incredibly common among clinical population and it significantly affected adult emotional outcomes as well as the three mediators (insecure attachment pattern, IU and rumination) examined. A Developmental IU Rumination-Attachment Model with good model fit and strong explanatory power was established. Two sets of etiological paths: Rumination Paths (Simple Rumination Indirect Path and IU-mediated Rumination Path) and Attachment Paths (Simple Attachment Indirect Path and IU-mediated Attachment Path) were identified. The model revealed a novel finding that IU was a common vulnerability factor for both insecure attachment pattern and rumination. Rooted from IU, insecure attachment pattern exemplified stronger influence on adult emotional outcomes when comparing with ruminative response style. Ruminative response style mediated the development from IU to adult emotional outcomes. Proximal life stress cast the least influence on adult emotional outcomes when comparing with the mediating mechanism examined. / Discussion. The Developmental IU Rumination-Attachment Model suggests that in the process of developing adult emotional problems, most of the influences stemmed from pre-existing child maltreatment history and internal psychological processes involving insecure attachment pattern, IU and ruminative response style. External proximal negative life events contribute only a relatively small proportion of influence. The current model does not only enrich our understanding to the long-term sequelae of child maltreatment, but also helps to inform important treatment components for survivors of child maltreatment and to shed light on preventive measures for child maltreatment. Implications for future research would also be discussed. / 背景：大量文獻早已確立孩童期受虐經歷是成人身心健康發展的高危因素。然而，探討孩童期受虐經歷如何影響受虐者長大後的情緒健康的研究，到目前為止卻是不多。雖然依附理論及認知理論對成人心理問題的發展進程奠定了重要的理論基礎，然而至今仍沒有任何研究同時探討當中的三個重要中介變量：依附模式，無法忍受不確定性及反芻。 / 研究目的：本研究有三個主要目的：(1) 探討孩童期受虐經歷與成人抑鬱及焦慮情緒、依附模式、無法忍受不確定性及反芻之間的關係；(2) 測試一個層次性病原模型，闡述孩童期被虐經歷的遠端因素，如何通過一系列的中介變量（依附模式、無法忍受不確定性及反芻），發展至成人期的情緒問題；(3) 研究反芻能否被確立為無法忍受不確性與成人情緒問題的中介變量。 / 研究方法：研究以問卷調查方式（調查內容包括孩童期受虐經歷、依附模式、無法忍受不確定性、反芻、成人情緒健康及近端生活壓力），於322 位在香港特別行政區社會福利署臨床心理服務課接受服務的人士所組成的樣本，使用結構方程模型進行數據分析。 / 研究結果：結果顯示，孩童期受虐經歷在臨床群體中是非常普遍，而孩童期受虐經歷也顯著地影響成人期的抑鬱及焦慮情緒，以及三個被測試的中介變量。研究所得的「發展性無法忍受不確定性反芻依附模型」（Developmental IURumination-Attachment Model）達到良好的摸型擬合度及豐富的臨床意義。模型包含了兩組病原路徑，分別為反芻路徑（單一反芻間接路徑和無法忍受不確定性中介的反芻路徑）及依附路徑（單一依附間接路徑和無法忍受不確定性中介的依附路徑）。此模型揭示了一個斬新的發現：無法忍受不確定性乃是誘發反芻及不安全依附模式的脆弱性因素。在無法忍受不確定性的情況下，依附模式較反芻對成人期的情緒問題更具影響力。除此以外，反芻被確立為無法忍受不確定性與成人情緒問題的中介變量。相對模型中的三個中介變量，近端生活壓力對成人情緒問題所構成的影響力則最弱。 / 討論：研究所得的模型有效地揭示了成人期情緒問題的發展過程中，近端外在生活壓力只構成較弱的影響力。遠端孩童期的受虐經歷，至一系列較近期的內在心理現象（依附模式、無法忍受不確定性及反芻）才是最為重要的因素。研究結果不但加深了學術界對兒童期受虐經歷長遠影響的認識，亦為預防及治療成人情緒問題提供多個臨床應用策略。最後，文未也就未來的實證研究提出了建議。 / Lam, Shui Mun Tracy. / Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-214). / Abstracts also in Chinese; appendixes in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 11, October, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.