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Until recently, most parent-child research has focused on the mother-child dyad or the father-infant or young child relationship. The present study investigated strengths of the father-young adult relationship with respect to the following variables: individuation, intimacy, intimidation, age, marital status, gender and birth order. College students at a large mid-Atlantic university and their fathers completed instruments regarding the above aspects of their relationship. The instruments administered were the Personal Authority in the Family System Questionnaire (PAFS-Q) and the Family Assessment Measure (FAM-III). Correlation, analysis of variance, and step-wise multiple regression were used for statistical analysis. Results indicated that fathers and young-adult children had significantly different perceptions of the dyadic relationship strength. There was a strong relationship between intergenerational individuation and intimacy with relationship strength. Birth order proved to be a significant factor in the assessment of intimacy, intimidation and relationship strength. Individuation and intimacy were the only variables that explained a Significant percentage of variance in dyadic relationship strength. Explanations for the findings, therapeutic implications, and suggestions for future research were explored. / Ph. D.

Esta investigação tem como propósito, por um lado, revisar as principais teorias que analisam a aquisição e a aprendizagem de língua estrangeira (LE) e os principais conceitos e modelos que abordam especificamente a aquisição e a aprendizagem dos sons em LE os conceitos de surdez fonológica de Polivanov (1931) e de crivo fonológico de Trubetskoy (1939); o Modelo de Aprendizagem da Fala (SLM, Speech Learning Model de Flege (1981, 1991, 1995); o Modelo de Assimilação Perceptiva (PAM, Perceptual Assimilation Model de Best (1993, 1994, 1995); e o Modelo do Imã da Língua Materna (NLM, Native Language Magnet de Kuhl e Iverson (1995) , no marco da interrelação entre a fonética, a fonologia e as várias disciplinas linguísticas, desde princípios do século XX; época em que são formuladas as teorias estruturalistas, até as últimas décadas, quando se incorporou a contribuição da neurolinguística. Por outro lado, tem como objeto de estudo refletir sobre as dificuldades dos estudantes brasileiros de E/LE, com base em toda a argumentação teórica dos autores acima nomeados. Tal reflexão compreende desde uma visão genérica dessas dificuldades, apresentadas em uma tipologia, a uma mais específica, privilegiando a análise das características acústico-articulatórias da produção dos sons aproximantes [, ð, ] e nasais [m, n, ] da língua espanhola, por estudantes universitários brasileiros de E/LE do centro da cidade de São Paulo. Considera-se semelhante investigação relevante para os estudos das dificuldades dos estudantes brasileiros de E/LE no aspecto fônico, sobretudo por versar sobre as dificuldades não somente do ponto de vista contrastivo. Contempla sobremaneira os vários elementos implícitos no referido processo como as estratégias cognitivas próprias do período de interlíngua dos estudantes bem como a análise das características acústicas e articulatórias dos sons aproximantes e nasais, permitindo identificar, compreender e apresentar estratégias de correção no âmbito da produção dos sons em E/LE. / This paper aims at two goals: reviewing mainstream theories which analyze both foreign language learning and acquisition and chief concepts and models that specifically approach the learning and acquisition of Spanish soundsthe concepts of phonologic deafness (POLIVANOV, 1931), phonological sieve (TRUBETSKOY, 1939), SLM - Speech Learning Model (FLEGE, 1981, 1991, 1995), PAM - Perceptual Assimilation Model (BEST, 1993, 1994, 1995), and the NLM - Native Language Magnet (KUHL & IVERSON, 1995)interrelating phonetics, phonology and areas of linguistics from the beginning of the 20th century until current views, such as neurolinguistics; reflecting upon the learning difficulties faced by Brazilian students of Spanish. This reflection will range from a more generic view of these challenges, following a given typology, to a more detailed examination, emphasizing the analysis of acoustic-articulatory characteristics of Spanish approximants [, ð, ] and nasals [m, n, ] uttered by Brazilians who are university students of Spanish, from downtown Sao Paulo City. The investigation and its results are considered highly relevant to Brazilian learners of Spanish as it approaches common pronunciation problems through different aspects besides contrastive analysis. It contemplates several elements such as typical interlanguage cognitive strategies and the acoustic and articulatory analysis mentioned above in order to identify and understand mispronunciation phenomena as well as present (self-)correction strategies to reach standard production of Spanish sounds.

Esta investigação tem como propósito, por um lado, revisar as principais teorias que analisam a aquisição e a aprendizagem de língua estrangeira (LE) e os principais conceitos e modelos que abordam especificamente a aquisição e a aprendizagem dos sons em LE os conceitos de surdez fonológica de Polivanov (1931) e de crivo fonológico de Trubetskoy (1939); o Modelo de Aprendizagem da Fala (SLM, Speech Learning Model de Flege (1981, 1991, 1995); o Modelo de Assimilação Perceptiva (PAM, Perceptual Assimilation Model de Best (1993, 1994, 1995); e o Modelo do Imã da Língua Materna (NLM, Native Language Magnet de Kuhl e Iverson (1995) , no marco da interrelação entre a fonética, a fonologia e as várias disciplinas linguísticas, desde princípios do século XX; época em que são formuladas as teorias estruturalistas, até as últimas décadas, quando se incorporou a contribuição da neurolinguística. Por outro lado, tem como objeto de estudo refletir sobre as dificuldades dos estudantes brasileiros de E/LE, com base em toda a argumentação teórica dos autores acima nomeados. Tal reflexão compreende desde uma visão genérica dessas dificuldades, apresentadas em uma tipologia, a uma mais específica, privilegiando a análise das características acústico-articulatórias da produção dos sons aproximantes [, ð, ] e nasais [m, n, ] da língua espanhola, por estudantes universitários brasileiros de E/LE do centro da cidade de São Paulo. Considera-se semelhante investigação relevante para os estudos das dificuldades dos estudantes brasileiros de E/LE no aspecto fônico, sobretudo por versar sobre as dificuldades não somente do ponto de vista contrastivo. Contempla sobremaneira os vários elementos implícitos no referido processo como as estratégias cognitivas próprias do período de interlíngua dos estudantes bem como a análise das características acústicas e articulatórias dos sons aproximantes e nasais, permitindo identificar, compreender e apresentar estratégias de correção no âmbito da produção dos sons em E/LE. / This paper aims at two goals: reviewing mainstream theories which analyze both foreign language learning and acquisition and chief concepts and models that specifically approach the learning and acquisition of Spanish soundsthe concepts of phonologic deafness (POLIVANOV, 1931), phonological sieve (TRUBETSKOY, 1939), SLM - Speech Learning Model (FLEGE, 1981, 1991, 1995), PAM - Perceptual Assimilation Model (BEST, 1993, 1994, 1995), and the NLM - Native Language Magnet (KUHL & IVERSON, 1995)interrelating phonetics, phonology and areas of linguistics from the beginning of the 20th century until current views, such as neurolinguistics; reflecting upon the learning difficulties faced by Brazilian students of Spanish. This reflection will range from a more generic view of these challenges, following a given typology, to a more detailed examination, emphasizing the analysis of acoustic-articulatory characteristics of Spanish approximants [, ð, ] and nasals [m, n, ] uttered by Brazilians who are university students of Spanish, from downtown Sao Paulo City. The investigation and its results are considered highly relevant to Brazilian learners of Spanish as it approaches common pronunciation problems through different aspects besides contrastive analysis. It contemplates several elements such as typical interlanguage cognitive strategies and the acoustic and articulatory analysis mentioned above in order to identify and understand mispronunciation phenomena as well as present (self-)correction strategies to reach standard production of Spanish sounds.

Submitted by Fernando Souza (fernandoafsou@gmail.com) on 2017-08-11T14:47:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3075980 bytes, checksum: 34017b499d4b0a096285315cb614b985 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-11T14:47:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3075980 bytes, checksum: 34017b499d4b0a096285315cb614b985 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-04 / The urban violence has been increasing in almost Brazilian state and in order to face this threat, new technological tools are required by the police authorities in order to support their decisions on how and when the few available resources should be employed to combat criminality. In this context, this work presents an embedded computational tool that is suitable for detecting gun-shots automatically. To provide the necessary knowledge to understand the work, a brief description about impulsive sounds, re guns and the gun-shot characteristics are initially presented. Latter, a system based on modules is proposed to detect and recognize impulsive sound, which are characteristics of gun-shots. However, since the system contain several modules in this work we have focus only on two of them: the module for detecting impulsive sounds and the module for distinguish a gun-shot from any other impulsive sound. For the impulsive detection module, three well-known algorithms were analyzed on the same condition: the fourth derivative of the Root Median Square (RMS), the Conditional Median Filter (CMF) and the Variance Method (VM). The algorithms were tested based on four measured performance parameters: accuracy, precision, sensibility and speci city. And in order to determine the most e cient algorithm for detecting impulsive sounds, a cadence test with impulsive sounds, without or with additional noise (constant or increasing) was performed. After this analysis, the parameters employed on the CMF and VM method were tested in a wide range of con gurations to verify any possibility of optimization. Once this optimal method was determined, the classi cation module to recognize gun-shots started to be implemented. For this, two distinguish methods were compared, one based on the signal wrapped over the time and the other based on most relevant frequencies obtained from the Fourier transform. From the comparison between the two methods it was observed that the wrapped method provided 54% of accuracy in the classi cation of impulsive sounds, while with the frequency analysis this value was 72%. / A violência urbana vem crescendo anualmente em praticamente todos os estados brasileiros e para fazer face a essa amea ca, as autoridades policiais necessitam cada vez mais de ferramentas tecnológicas que os auxiliem na tomada de decisões sobre quando e como empregar os parcos recursos disponíveis a repressão do crime. Neste contexto, e apresentado nesse trabalho uma ferramenta computacional, passível de ser embarcada em dispositivos m oveis, que possibilita realizar a detecção e reconhecimento automático de disparos de armas de fogo. Para tanto, são descritos inicialmente os fundamentos básicos sobre sons impulsivos, armas de fogo e caracter sticas de disparos. Posteriormente, descreve-se uma proposta de um sistema modular de detecção e reconhecimento de disparos. No entanto, devido ao sistema conter diversos m odulos complexos, este trabalho teve foco em dois deles: o modulo de detecção de sons impulsivos e o modulo de classificação, que permite distinguir disparos de armas de fogo de outros sons impulsivos. Para o módulo de detecção de sons impulsivos foram analisados três algoritmos amplamente descritos na literatura: o algoritmo da quarta derivada da RMS, o da Conditional Median Filter (CMF) e o Método da Variância (VM). Os algoritmos foram testados com base nas medidas de desempenho da acurácia, precisão, sensibilidade e especificidade. E a para determinar o método mais e ciente, foram realizados testes de cadências, com sons impulsivos sem adição de ru do sonoro, com adição de ruído constante e com ruído variável. Ao final dessa anáise, os par^ametros preconizados na literatura para os m etodos CMF e VM foram alterados para uma verificação de possibilidade de otimização. De nido o algoritmo de detecção de impulso mais e ciente, iniciou-se o desenvolvimento do módulo de classificação. Para isso, foram propostas duas t ecnicas para o reconhecimento de disparos de armas de fogo, uma utilizando uma compara c~ao da envolt oria do som no dom nio do tempo e outra baseada na comparação de frequências dominantes obtidas por meio da transformada de Fourier. Numa comparação entre as duas técnicas observou-se que com a técnica da envoltória e poss vel identi car 54% dos sons impulsivos, enquanto que com a t ecnica baseada no dom nio da frequ^encia, este percentual foi de 72%.

Thesis (MA (Psychology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / In recent years, the issue of fathers’ involvement with their families has increasingly gained support and currently more research focuses on fathers’ involvement and what fathers must do to become more involved with their families. The aim of this study was to gain insight into boys’ perception of fathers’ involvement in the lives of boys. The participants were boys in Grade 7 and 8 whose parents are married and who both live in the same house with them. The data of this explorative, qualitative study were gathered by means of focus group discussions. The 18 participants who complied with the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into three focus groups of six participants each. The groups were asked an open question and the discussion was audio-recorded. The group discussions were transcribed, after which the data were loaded onto the Atlas.ti program for analysis. In this analysis technique, related aspects (termed ‘codes’, which are formed by related quotations by participants) are grouped to form families (of codes). Based on the description by Lamb, Pleck, Charnov and Levine (1987) of fathers’ involvement and the qualitative data analysis, content could be given to the families responsibility, accessibility and engagement. The family responsibility, which includes any activities of the father regarding the child’s direct care or arrangements regarding the care of the child, is the largest family in terms of number of codes and quotations. The most prominent code in this family in terms of number of quotations compared to the other codes, is to provide. This is followed by the codes discipline, set right and protect. Accessibility is the second largest family and entails the father being present as well as his availability to his son. The most important codes in this family are talking, to be there for the child and to pay attention to the child. The third family, engagement, includes the experience of caring, direct contact and interaction between the father and his son. The most important codes that emerged in this family are to demonstrate love and to hug. The specific content given to the three components of fathers’ involvement can be applied with success in the development and presentation of parent guidance programmes.

This study was predicated on the belief that a father brings something unique to the family, thus, making irreplaceable contributions to the life of a child. Fathers are unique in that they provide something different from mothers. They are irreplaceable because when they are absent, children are said to suffer emotionally, intellectually, socially, and behaviorally. The contributions of fathers to a child's well being cannot be fully replaced by better programming, ensuring child support programs, or even by well-intentioned mentoring programs. A review of literature relevant to delinquency and adolescent behavioral and academic success revealed that there may be a correlation between a male role-model and the teaching of self-control and socially appropriate behaviors. Indeed, much of what the large body of research pertaining to fatherhood reveals is that, compared to children raised in two-parent homes, children who grow up without their fathers have significantly worse outcomes, on average, on almost every measure of well being (Horn, 2002). In addition, an understanding of the factors that may influence delinquent behaviors, in particular within the family unit, can better equip parents and educators to support those who may be exhibiting the beginning signs of delinquent behavior. This study was designed to determine the influence of, or correlation between, juvenile delinquency and the presence or absence of a father-figure in a child's life. Responses made on the Delinquency Check List between two sample sets, delinquent and non-delinquent adolescents, were examined. The study attempted to determine if delinquent activity among adolescents was differentiated by the absence or presence of a father-figure in a child's life. This study also investigated the frequency and severity of delinquent activities between adolescents in the determined sample groups.

‘Sons of the soil’ conflicts seldom intensify above a low level of intrastate violence. Although frequent, they tend to remain small in scale, which has contributed to a lack of scholarly understanding about why some Sons of the soil conflict yet intensify more than others. Taking the role of the state into account, this study aims to investigate the causes for intensification in these conflicts. With a neoclassical realist approach, domestic factors behind the causal process of conflict intensification are unearthed, thereby investigating further the action-formation of the government threat perception. It leads the study to test the following hypothesis: A Sons of the soil conflict is more likely to intensify if the government misperceives the threat the conflict constitutes. Through a comparative process tracing analysis of Sons of the soil conflict intensity in Mali and Niger, 2006-2012, findings suggest that certain domestic factors at the state level cause a significant variation in the outcome. Actual low threats of Sons of the soil conflict may in fact be intensified due to state misperceptions.

The role of the director in the contemporary theatre is constantly evolving in relationship to the art form. This thesis explores the process of directing Arthur Miller's American Tragedy All My Sons . Produced on the campus of Virginia Commonwealth University in December 2006, the role of the director is explored as it relates to this university community. The examination focuses on challenges surrounding script selection, casting, rehearsal, and ultimately production. By exploring the process of directing this production of All My Sons, larger revelations are discovered about the changing role of leadership in academic theatre.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.