本文題為俄羅斯與中國對伊朗核問題立場之比較研究。本文藉由「外交決策」理論，以及「政治系統論」和「層次分析法」，研究從俄羅斯的外交決策模式、國內外因素，探究俄羅斯對伊朗核問題之立場，以及，從中國的外交決策模式、國內外因素，探究中國對伊朗核問題之立場。最後，再比較俄羅斯與中國的外交決策模式、國內外因素，以及兩國的政策產出－伊朗核問題之立場，進行比較分析俄中對伊朗核問題立場和政策的異同之處為本文之研究目的。 在國際處理伊朗核問題的進程中，俄羅斯、中國對於伊朗核問題的立場可謂大致相同，他們皆主張「以外交手段進行和平談判」的立場。然而，不同的是俄中在決策過程中的背後動機與各自盤算的國家利益。俄羅斯採取「平衡政策」(balancing policy)，以伊朗為談判籌碼，換取美國釋出更多利多；而中國則是採取「拖延與削弱策略」(delay-and-weaken strategy)，以維護在伊朗的各項利益。 / This paper is a comparative study about the positon of Russia and China on the Iranian nuclear issue. We use the approach of “foreign policy decision making”, “political system theory” and “analytic hierarchy process” to study the formation of Russian and China’s foreign policy decision making, the factors that affect the policy decision making process, the stand of Russia and China toward the Iran’s nuclear issue, and finally, we compare the defference of those two countries. On the issue of Iran’s nuclear, Russia and China take approximately the same attitude.Both of them advocate that every one should take peace negotiations instead of sanctions. The differences between Russian and China’s foreign policy decision making is that Russia trys to use the balancing policy, and takes advantage of Iran’s nuclear issue, making the U.S. to release more benefits for Russia,while China takes the delay-and-weaken strategy, making effort to protect their benefits in Iran.