在過去蘇聯時期，遠東地區僅為軍事重地。但自從蘇聯解體之後港口的損失，引起政府對於遠東地區逐漸開始重視。而近幾年普欽執政以來，多次說明往東方拓展的急迫性，以及與現今發展快速的亞太地區進行合作的重要性。遠東地區地域遼闊、資源充足並且位置良好，視為相當值得發展的地區，但卻由於內部經濟結構問題以及經濟環境不良，造成經濟狀況不穩定。不過由於鄰近亞太地區，因此相互貿易往來頻繁，促使遠東地區經濟發展提升。並且特別與中、日、韓三國經濟活動最密切，以及利用相互互補的型態來進行貿易活動，促進遠東地區經濟回穩。 本論文主要是以遠東地區內部經濟活動為出發點，繼而往外延伸探討與周邊主要貿易國家的經貿往來關係。

本文嘗試初探俄羅斯在經濟轉型後，貪污問題的演化。從貪污的本質論起，接而粗略介紹俄羅斯在經濟轉型的時序演進，最後闡釋俄羅斯貪污現象的形成過程與探究俄羅斯貪污的來源，並尋求解釋現象的原因。 本文利用國際透明組織(IT)所公布的貪污感覺指數(CPI)及國民生產毛額人均(GDP)作為量化的實證分析，並以經濟學的模型闡釋貪污行為造成的社會成本及影響。 初步的研究結果發現，貪污現象對於俄羅斯經濟的發展及民主的建設有極為負面的影響，並且難以根除；如何減輕貪污對於社會成本的虛擲，將是影響俄羅斯經濟發展成敗的重大關鍵。 / The thesis tries to show the corruption phenomenon during the Russian economy transformation. The discussion begins with the comprehensive analysis of corruption phenomenon, roughly introduce phases of Russian economical transformation. This study will also make some explanation of Russian corruption phenomenon. This study uses Corruption Perception Index(CPI) from the Transparency International and GDP per capita(PPP) to run correlation coefficients. The author of this article analyzes the relations between economy and corruption empirically by the statistical results. Furthermore, the author also explains the societal cost of corruption behavior with economic figures. This research indicates that corruption phenomenon erodes the economical development and democratic construction of Russia, and can not be erased. Today, the crucial problem to the future of Russia is how to prevent from the dead losses of corruption.

本論文研究主要針對理論上討論以久的單一稅率 (flat tax) 所得稅制度進行深入研究，理論上討論許久的單一稅率制度己經在世界各國廣為實行，而單一稅率所得稅制度，不僅可降低稽徵成本，更可讓納稅義務人誠實申報所得。簡單來說，單一稅率就是對每個人及課稅所得項目，課徵用同樣的單一稅率；也就是無論貧富，所得在一定免稅額以上，皆課以同一比率的稅額。由於除了免稅額外，不再提供任何扣除額及租稅優惠減免項目，因此單一稅率制度之稅基更為寬廣，符合水平公平；簡化稅制也將大幅降低徵納雙方的成本（包括稽徵成本、資訊成本與遵從成本等），而且因為稅制設計出適當的免稅額，即使實行單一稅率，所得愈高者其稅額占所得比例仍然呈現平均有效稅率遞增的現象，因此稅制仍然具有累進效果，打破大多數人誤以為「單一稅率不符垂直公平的迷思」。 美國兩位學者 Hall and Rabushka (1981) 提出單一稅率的所得稅制改革思想，即使未獲美國政府實行，幾十年後卻廣為許多歐洲國家所實施。1994年波羅的海地區的愛沙尼亞 (Estonia)、拉脫維亞 (Latvia)、立陶宛 (Lithuania) 陸續實施單一稅率所得稅制，尤其以俄羅實行稅制改革績效最為顯著，本文將更進一步研究分析單一稅率制度的理論基礎及對俄羅斯國實行單一稅率制度的具體設計內容及成果更詳細的探討。

本文採取歷史研究途徑（Historical Approach）和君•蕾森（June Layson）之舞蹈研究途徑，針對俄羅斯芭蕾舞起源的相關社會、文化與藝術背景，及各時期重要編舞家與舞蹈家作一系統性的分析與研究。 本文研究架構共分五章，第一章說明研究動機與主題，並對俄羅斯芭蕾相關之歷史文獻進行整理，闡述採行之研究方法與架構。 第二章為俄國芭蕾藝術的傳入期，分四個部分說明俄國芭蕾吸取西方芭蕾養分的奠基過程：一為俄羅斯芭蕾藝術受皇室扶植萌芽的時代背景與專業化發展，二為俄國芭蕾自決的濫觴，三為俄羅斯芭蕾與西歐芭蕾接軌的浪漫芭蕾時期，四為裴堤帕為俄國創造的古典芭蕾時期。 第三章為俄國芭蕾藝術的改革期，指由佳吉列夫領導之「俄羅斯芭蕾舞團」在1909年至1929年間，走出裴堤帕公式化編舞，跨進現代芭蕾領域的芭蕾改革運動。本章著重於舞蹈專業層面，研究使芭蕾藝術獲得重生，讓俄國芭蕾立足西方的主要功臣—五位編舞家—的編導風格及其形成的時期特色。 第四章為蘇聯芭蕾的實驗期，說明1917年10月革命對俄羅斯芭蕾藝術的影響，分析1920年代影響往後數十年之編舞家作品風格，最後並對蘇聯芭蕾的重要資產與瑰寶—芭蕾舞者，以及蘇聯芭蕾教學體系的建立者瓦加諾娃，作一整理與介紹。 第五章為本論文的結論，將對本文的研究結果作綜合性的回顧與檢討，並做總結。 / The thesis of “The Origin and development of Russian Ballet” focuses on “Historical Approach” and adopts June Layson’s “ Dance Study Approach”, aims at analyzing the social, cultural and artistic content of the Russian Ballet’s origin, as well as the style of important choreographers, dancers and educators of each time. The research consists of five chapters. The first chapter summarizes the theme and the motif of the research. Historical document and archives are organized and presented as to explain the method and structure of the thesis. The second chapter, the nourishment of the Western ballet on the forming stage of Russian ballet, discusses four important elements that were introduced from the Western world. First, the sprout and professionalization of Russian ballet supported and sponsored by Russian Royal family. Second, the beginning of self-determination of Russian ballet. Third, the Russian romantic ballet period, and the last, “the classic ballet” created by Marius Petipa that surpassed the Western style. The third chapter examines the reform period of Russian ballet led by the dance group “Ballet Russes”. The group was founded by Serge Diaghilev during 1909-1929 that broke away from the Petipa’s formulism and stepped into the modern ballet movement. The innovative style of “Ballet Russes” not only revitalized the ballet world but also gave Russian ballet a foothold in the hometown of ballet. This chapter further explored the development of the group and its three important periods with different style. Also, the style of five choreographers who were the inspiration of the group is introduced. The forth chapter, the experimental period of Russian ballet, outlined the influence of 1917 Russian October Revolution that brought into the Russian ballet. The experimental works of the 1920’s important choreographers that greatly influenced the later Soviet ballet even more than 30 years are also analyzed. Furthermore, this chapter introduces the most important treasure—Soviet ballet dancers and the founder of Soviet ballet teaching system—Agrippina Vaganova. The fifth chapter concludes the thesis, and takes an overall review of the research.

No description available.

After dissolving of USSR in 1991 and establishing of capitalistic economic model trade volume between Taiwan and post-Soviet countries has been continuously growing throughout recent 20 years. Economy between Taiwan and Russia and others former Soviet countries stimulates close cooperation, including establishing of joint ventures, procurement, negotiations, which means mutual visiting. Businessmen come to Taiwan into two different ways: groups and individual businessmen (according to my experience, 2 people). First type: some tour agencies, which provide tours for tourists groups and organizing trips for different kinds of delegations. Second type: individual businessmen who comes to Taiwan for 3-5 days. Their plan includes: visiting exhibitions/companies/ factories and after that (or during that time) explore Taiwan: get basic consultations about implementing business, visiting night market, shopping etc. Such individual businessmen hire Russian-speaking translator, who lives in Taiwan and accompany them during visit. They have limited budget (because it is only 2 people), prefer not connect with agencies (language barriers, budget and trust), but find translators through recommendation from TAITRA (Taiwan External Trade Development Council - Russian branch), other businessmen, web-sites (Facebook, Twitter). Unfortunately, often they can find only students, who provide low-level service. Collaborations are spontaneous, not well-organized and not systematic. My target audience is the second type. A niche market opportunity exists in organizing systematic tours for individual businessmen. The uniqueness of the project is organizing tours focusing on business prospective, clients’ oriented service.

The main purpose of this thesis is to explore the innovative product in such processes as adaptation and its first step in the international market. The most successful sector of international business between Russia and Taiwan is IT business. Contents of this thesis can be divided into four parts. First part reveals the importance of innovative idea in the new product development and its analysis according to the marketing strategy. Meanwhile, it also highlights potential problems with the introduction of the new product in the international market. In the second part the author reviews the market of IT-technologies in Russia and in Taiwan as well, moreover there is shown the trade and economic situation between Russia and Taiwan. The third part is devoted to detailed analyze of one Taiwanese company and its products, which are aggressively promoted in Russian Federation nowadays. And the last part summarizes the whole research conclusions and suggests the complex program for introduction and promotion of innovative products in international market. There is no doubt that innovations are the only way to maintain the high development rate and profitability level. The issue of new product development is one of the most important points in successful company strategy. Moreover, consideration of this issue is very important to understand the economic cooperation between Russia and Taiwan.

本文的目的是探討俄羅斯聯邦 1992 年至 1993 年的府會政爭。作者經由俄羅斯憲法的設計及實際運作的情形，來分析行政權與立法權的衝突，以期瞭解俄羅斯政治危機的動因。 同時，作者也觀察了新憲法架構下政治權力間的互動情形，並分析現行俄羅斯政治體制的特色。 / The purpose of the thesis is discussing the political conflict between Administration and Legislation of the Russian Frderation from 1992 to 1993. By describing the design of the Russian Constitution and the practical operations, the author analyses the conflict between Administration and Legislation to find out the reasons of the Russian political crisis. Besides, the author observes the interactions of the political powers and analyses the character of the present Russian political system.

本論文是以1996年俄羅斯總統選舉為分析主體，並從葉爾欽政府現狀、媒體經營者的利益、媒體本身的作為和俄羅斯選民的態度等四個面向來探討俄羅斯媒體自由化的轉變。按此，本論文共分成五章，第一章為緒論，說明研究動機、研究方法同時整理分析相關文獻。1996年總統選舉是俄羅斯媒體參與最深的一次選舉活動，媒體大亨為了保障自身利益，紛紛透過傳播媒體製造輿論，協助葉爾欽步上連任之路。由於，此時的俄羅斯選民，同時被民主制度的自由和共產主義的穩定所吸引。因此，媒體傾力幫助葉爾欽重新灌輸民眾--這次的總統選舉不是在選候選人，而是在選擇兩個根本不同的體系和生活型態。第二章首先對蘇聯時期和俄羅斯聯邦的媒體生態作一概論性介紹，並且深入探討媒體自由化、市場化和集團化對整個媒體產業和俄羅斯民眾的影響。第三章開始介紹1996年總統選舉各個候選人的背景、民調支持率和選舉結果。第四章則針對俄羅斯聯邦法律有關媒體在選舉活動中的規範，以及各個總統候選人與電視媒體的合作關係，分析媒體影響選舉過程和結果的操作手法。第五章為結論，透過1996年的總統選舉個案與媒體運作模式的分析，揭示俄羅斯媒體自公開性之後的媒體自由化現象。透過選舉的合法過程和媒體的幫助，導致俄羅斯政治家和金融寡頭們更加忽視人民的利益和態度，相信選舉結果關鍵不在於民衆的態度，而在於誰的資金雄厚，誰對媒體控制得更緊。電視螢幕沒有呈現人民的需要與聲音，公民意見無法體現，反倒成為政治人物與媒體寡頭意見集中體現與爭執的地方。這些紛爭導致政府績效不佳，社會問題加劇，媒體自由化程度退化。

俄羅斯與阿根廷的經濟改革在「華盛頓共識」下揭開了序幕。1991年蘇聯解體後，俄羅斯的政治由一黨專政走向多元的民主，而經濟體制也從過去的社會主義所有制轉向市場經濟體制發展。相對阿根廷則是在1983年軍政府的威權官僚統治被推翻後，開始施行民主政治。而國內的經濟也在1984年開始從過度干預的市場向自由放任的資本主義市場移動。但在兩國國內經濟改革的過程中，國會及西方國際金融組織的影響為經濟改革帶來莫大的變數。因此本文旨在透過剖析國會、國家政府、和西方國際金融組織三者之間的互動與關係，分析穩定化經濟政策的產出、施行的過程、及所帶來的結果。本文也著重地探討和穩定化相互關連與影響的通貨膨脹與西方外援這兩個因素，探究權力均衡、穩定化、通貨膨脹、經濟表現、與西方外援對俄羅斯與阿根廷國家經濟轉型過程所產生的影響。 本論文主要採用國會、國家政府、與西方國際金融組織，權力均衡的研究途徑，透過選舉週期與經改週期的因素影響，探討俄羅斯與阿根廷經濟轉型的過程與發展。因為受到上述三邊角力的影響，穩定化(stabilization)成了國內經濟改革最主要的問題，因此本文著重在經濟改革穩定化層面的發展，及與穩定化息息相關，相互影響的因素-通貨膨脹與西方外援，提出更進一步的剖析。在這樣的架構下，本論文第一章除了說明研究動機與目的、研究架構、章節安排外，還介紹與研究題目相關的文獻，並指出過去文獻的優缺點，以做為論文研究之基礎。第二章敘述俄羅斯與阿根廷經濟改革前的歷史背景，探討前蘇聯與阿根廷軍政府為之後經濟改革所留下的伏筆；第三章闡述俄羅斯與阿根廷經濟轉型穩定化之成效、透過國內政治週期對兩國國家領導人：葉爾欽(Boris Yeltsin)、普欽(Vladimir Putin)、阿芳辛(Raúl Alfonsín)、美能(Carlos Menem)、與德拉魯阿(Fernando De la Rua)所產生的影響為論述的焦點；第四章則論述通貨膨脹與西方外援對兩國國內經濟改革的相互影響，並指出它們在穩定化政策執行下的表現，及如何再次回歸影響到穩定化制程的發展；第五章為結論。 本論文所得到的結論是國會、國家政府、與國際金融組織的權力均衡決定了俄羅斯與阿根廷國家經濟轉型穩定化的走向，而穩定的經濟政策是帶動國家經濟成長的關鍵。目前在普欽強勢的帶領之下，俄羅斯已逐漸擺脫金融風暴的陰霾，而阿根廷在新總統基什內爾(Nestor Kirchner)的領導下，是否有辦法帶領阿根廷的經濟走向復甦與成長，還有待時間的考驗。 / Under the “Washington consensus”, Russia and Argentina have started their economic transition. The collapse of the Soviet Union has led Russia from one-party dictatorship to plural democracy in politics and from socialistic ownership to free-market system in economy. In contrast in 1983, after the demolition of Argentina Military Dictatorship Bureaucratic authoritarianism regime, the country started to apply democracy. And soon, in 1984, Argentina’s economy started to move from over control market toward free individual capitalism market. However, in the economic reform process of both countries, the Parliament and Western International Financial Organizations have brought immense impact on their economic transitions. Therefore, this thesis is aimed to understand the interactive relationships among Parliament, Government, and Western International Organizations, and also to study the formulation of the economic stabilization programs, the application process, and the conclusion. Also, in the thesis we will discuss inflation and western aid factors that have close relationship and mutual influences with the stabilization programs, so to find out the impacts and the developments brought by balance of power, stabilization, inflation, economic performance, and western aids in the process of economic transition. In this thesis, we adopt the Parliament, Government, and Western International Organizations’ balance of power as the research approach, through the impact of election’s cycle and economic transition’s cycle, we discuss the process and developments of Russian and Argentina’s economic transition. Because the influences brought by above authorities, stabilization becomes the most important concern for countries which are performing economic transition. As so, the thesis is focused on stabilization sphere, and the factors of inflation and western aids that brought mutual influences to stabilization. Under this framework, the first chapter includes the research motives and objectives, the research framework, chapter arrangements, and the advantages and disadvantages of relevant literature. The second chapter describes Russian and Argentina’s historical background before the economic transition, and we also analyze the hints left by the Soviet Union and Argentina military government. The third one, we focus on the effects of stabilization program in Russian and Argentina economic transition, through the interaction of election’s cycle and both countries’ leader: Boris Yeltsin, Vladimir Putin, Raúl Alfonsín, Carlos Menem, Fernando De la Rua. The fourth chapter analyzes the interaction among inflation and western aids with country’s economic transition, we also point out the inflation and western aids’ performances under different periods of stabilization program, and how they come back to influence the formulation of the stabilization program. The fifth one is the conclusion. We come to conclusion that the balance of power among the Parliament, Government, and Western International Organizations decide the tendency of Russian and Argentina’s economic stabilization, and the key to bring the country economic growth is to settle a stable economic policy. Now, under Putin’s strong leadership, Russian has started to get over from the shadow of 1998 crisis. But Argentina with the guidance of the new president Nestor Kirchner, whether the country will be lead to a revival and growth way or not, it will still remain under the question.