俄羅斯與阿根廷的經濟改革在「華盛頓共識」下揭開了序幕。1991年蘇聯解體後，俄羅斯的政治由一黨專政走向多元的民主，而經濟體制也從過去的社會主義所有制轉向市場經濟體制發展。相對阿根廷則是在1983年軍政府的威權官僚統治被推翻後，開始施行民主政治。而國內的經濟也在1984年開始從過度干預的市場向自由放任的資本主義市場移動。但在兩國國內經濟改革的過程中，國會及西方國際金融組織的影響為經濟改革帶來莫大的變數。因此本文旨在透過剖析國會、國家政府、和西方國際金融組織三者之間的互動與關係，分析穩定化經濟政策的產出、施行的過程、及所帶來的結果。本文也著重地探討和穩定化相互關連與影響的通貨膨脹與西方外援這兩個因素，探究權力均衡、穩定化、通貨膨脹、經濟表現、與西方外援對俄羅斯與阿根廷國家經濟轉型過程所產生的影響。 本論文主要採用國會、國家政府、與西方國際金融組織，權力均衡的研究途徑，透過選舉週期與經改週期的因素影響，探討俄羅斯與阿根廷經濟轉型的過程與發展。因為受到上述三邊角力的影響，穩定化(stabilization)成了國內經濟改革最主要的問題，因此本文著重在經濟改革穩定化層面的發展，及與穩定化息息相關，相互影響的因素-通貨膨脹與西方外援，提出更進一步的剖析。在這樣的架構下，本論文第一章除了說明研究動機與目的、研究架構、章節安排外，還介紹與研究題目相關的文獻，並指出過去文獻的優缺點，以做為論文研究之基礎。第二章敘述俄羅斯與阿根廷經濟改革前的歷史背景，探討前蘇聯與阿根廷軍政府為之後經濟改革所留下的伏筆；第三章闡述俄羅斯與阿根廷經濟轉型穩定化之成效、透過國內政治週期對兩國國家領導人：葉爾欽(Boris Yeltsin)、普欽(Vladimir Putin)、阿芳辛(Raúl Alfonsín)、美能(Carlos Menem)、與德拉魯阿(Fernando De la Rua)所產生的影響為論述的焦點；第四章則論述通貨膨脹與西方外援對兩國國內經濟改革的相互影響，並指出它們在穩定化政策執行下的表現，及如何再次回歸影響到穩定化制程的發展；第五章為結論。 本論文所得到的結論是國會、國家政府、與國際金融組織的權力均衡決定了俄羅斯與阿根廷國家經濟轉型穩定化的走向，而穩定的經濟政策是帶動國家經濟成長的關鍵。目前在普欽強勢的帶領之下，俄羅斯已逐漸擺脫金融風暴的陰霾，而阿根廷在新總統基什內爾(Nestor Kirchner)的領導下，是否有辦法帶領阿根廷的經濟走向復甦與成長，還有待時間的考驗。 / Under the “Washington consensus”, Russia and Argentina have started their economic transition. The collapse of the Soviet Union has led Russia from one-party dictatorship to plural democracy in politics and from socialistic ownership to free-market system in economy. In contrast in 1983, after the demolition of Argentina Military Dictatorship Bureaucratic authoritarianism regime, the country started to apply democracy. And soon, in 1984, Argentina’s economy started to move from over control market toward free individual capitalism market. However, in the economic reform process of both countries, the Parliament and Western International Financial Organizations have brought immense impact on their economic transitions. Therefore, this thesis is aimed to understand the interactive relationships among Parliament, Government, and Western International Organizations, and also to study the formulation of the economic stabilization programs, the application process, and the conclusion. Also, in the thesis we will discuss inflation and western aid factors that have close relationship and mutual influences with the stabilization programs, so to find out the impacts and the developments brought by balance of power, stabilization, inflation, economic performance, and western aids in the process of economic transition. In this thesis, we adopt the Parliament, Government, and Western International Organizations’ balance of power as the research approach, through the impact of election’s cycle and economic transition’s cycle, we discuss the process and developments of Russian and Argentina’s economic transition. Because the influences brought by above authorities, stabilization becomes the most important concern for countries which are performing economic transition. As so, the thesis is focused on stabilization sphere, and the factors of inflation and western aids that brought mutual influences to stabilization. Under this framework, the first chapter includes the research motives and objectives, the research framework, chapter arrangements, and the advantages and disadvantages of relevant literature. The second chapter describes Russian and Argentina’s historical background before the economic transition, and we also analyze the hints left by the Soviet Union and Argentina military government. The third one, we focus on the effects of stabilization program in Russian and Argentina economic transition, through the interaction of election’s cycle and both countries’ leader: Boris Yeltsin, Vladimir Putin, Raúl Alfonsín, Carlos Menem, Fernando De la Rua. The fourth chapter analyzes the interaction among inflation and western aids with country’s economic transition, we also point out the inflation and western aids’ performances under different periods of stabilization program, and how they come back to influence the formulation of the stabilization program. The fifth one is the conclusion. We come to conclusion that the balance of power among the Parliament, Government, and Western International Organizations decide the tendency of Russian and Argentina’s economic stabilization, and the key to bring the country economic growth is to settle a stable economic policy. Now, under Putin’s strong leadership, Russian has started to get over from the shadow of 1998 crisis. But Argentina with the guidance of the new president Nestor Kirchner, whether the country will be lead to a revival and growth way or not, it will still remain under the question.

消費者在準備「購買」一件產品或服務時，他╱她的「購買意圖」除了受本身「對此購買行為的態度」所影響之外，「群體規範」以及「知覺行為控制」（Ajsen 1985,1991）亦是很重要的影響因素。當該消費者所屬的「群體」擁有很強的約束力時，他╱她在做消費決策時，往往必須考慮別人的想法。同樣的，當他╱她對該消費決策缺乏主控權時，他╱她本身對此購買行為的「態度」亦不能很精確的預測他╱她的「購買意圖」。不過本身的「態度」、「群體規範」、及「行為知覺控制」對「購買意圖」之影響，可能會因文化的不同而產生不同程度的影響。過去研究指出，以「個人主義」為導向的國家中（如美國），個人行為比較不受別人的影響；相反的，以「群體主義」為導向的國家中（如東方社會國家），人們的各種行為必須考慮這些行為所代表的社會意義，因此群體規範的影響會因文化的不同而有所不同。此外，當產品種類不同時，本身的「態度」、「群體規範」、及「知覺行為控制」對「購買意圖」之影響程度也會有所不同。 　　本研究主要是想瞭解在不同文化、及產品類別之下，消費者「購買意圖」受本身的「態度」、「群體規範」、及「知覺行為控制」的影響程度是否有顯著差異。因此，本研究分別收集了台灣、美國、及阿根廷的實驗結果，以瞭解三種不同文化（群體主義、個人主義、以及夾在前兩者之間的拉丁文化）差異的影響。同時為了瞭解產品種類因素對行為意圖的影響，本研究也分別選擇了高經濟風險產品（電腦印表機）及一項高社會風險產品（禮品店之服務）為實證標得物。本研究將採用path路徑分析工具來解釋這三組文化、地理不相近的消費者之購買行為的差異。

本文之研究目的，除了歸納、整理影響巴西外交政策形成之各項因素，分析其對南方共同市場會員國一阿根廷之外交關係外，並探討下列問題： 　　一、巴西在1985年文人政府時期起，所採取之外交政策取向為何？期望扮演之國家角色為何？所欲達成之外交目標為何？ 　　二、巴西之國家利益及外交政策走向。 　　三、巴西與阿根廷間軍事緩和之趨勢及在南方共同市場之架構下與阿根廷經貿關係與折衝點。 　　巴西在一九八○年代起，將一連串政治、經濟及社會問題列入外交政策議題並且在各項結盟裡獲得討論並取得共識。在經濟方面，巴西在里約集團(Rio Group)及南方共同市場(South Cone Common Market)取得主導優勢、與扯美各國達成設立拉丁美洲自曲貿易區(Latin America Free Trade Area)之共識、藉由南方共同市場與歐盟進行自由貿易之預備協商及參與世界貿易組織(World Trade Organization)。在政治領域裡，積極參與聯合國維持和平行動(Peace-Keeping Operations)並爭取成為安理會常任理事國、一九九五年加入飛彈科技控制體系(Missle Technology Control Regime/MTCR)、一九九八年完成批准反核武擴散條約(the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty/NPT)、一九九九年促成扯丁美洲國家與歐盟元首之高峰會及二○○○年舉行拉丁美洲國家元首會議。在社會議題方面，巴西在人權、環保、打擊毒品及反恐怖主義等議題都積極涉入：如：一九九二年在里約熱內盧舉行聯合國「環境與發展會議」(the NU Conference on Environment and Development)。以上均顯示巴西擬在拉丁美洲國家擬扮演領導者之角色，如何與傳統鄰國、亦為拉美大國之阿根廷間之互動亦為研究之緣起。 　　本論文共分為六章，第一章說明論文的研究動機、目的、研究方法、範圍、研究限制、組織架構與文獻探討。 　　第二章探討國內環境層面、國際層面、決策者因素等三方面影響巴西外交政策的要素。國內環境因素方面，以地理環境、人口與社會結構者、經濟條件、政府因素與一九八八年的憲法作為分析單元。 　　第三章則以前述要素來解釋巴西在一九八五年年起文人政府時期的外交政策取向、國家角色及政策目標。巴西在區域與國際上之角色，以及巴西在南方共同市場外交政策的目標。第四及第五章則著重討論巴西與阿根廷軍事及經貿關係及討論巴西與南方共同市場會員國家之關係，在後冷戰時期，國際關係以經貿為主軸，經濟考量在巴西外交政策制訂過程中日益吃重，故探討巴西積極參與經濟整合與成立南錐共同市場之外交政策及與阿根廷軍事緩和之趨勢。最後在第六章是為本篇論文之結論。

出口稅是政府對於出口產品於通關時所徵收的關稅，屬於一種出口限制。由於世界貿易組織（World Trade Organization, WTO）一直以來著重於解決進口關稅造成的貿易障礙，出口稅在 WTO 下尚未有明文規範，開發中國家故將其視為一種合法貿易政策工具。出口稅不僅可增加政府稅收，供應大國使用出口稅亦可引導出口原料內銷，使國內原料價格降低，造成變相補貼國內加工業者之效果，供應大國便可以出口成本較低廉的加工產品；相對地出口原料降低造成原料之國際價格提升，便會影響其他國家加工業者之權益。在進口關稅及數量限制於關稅暨貿易總協定（General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, GATT）中已有所管制的情況下，進口國家開始憂心出口稅使用擴散、影響更多原料供給，故於杜哈回合之討論及 WTO 爭端解決皆引發相關爭議，惟皆未得到進一步管制出口稅之結果。本文參考杜哈回合提案及雙邊貿易談判下之成果，提出於 WTO 下以關稅減讓談判之規範模式，搭配其他考量因素，作為 WTO 下解決出口稅問題之建議。 / The export tax is the custom duty on the exports. It’s a kind of export restrictions as well. As the World Trade Organization (WTO) has always focused on the trade barriers caused by the import tariffs, the export tax has not yet been clearly defined in the WTO. The developing countries regard it as a legitimate trade policy tool. The export tax can not only increase the government revenue, for major suppliers, the export tax can also guide the exports to be sold domestically, so that it can make the domestic supply increase and the internal price decrease, resulting in a disguised subsidy to the domestic consumers. If the export tax is imposed on the raw materials, major suppliers can export cheaper processing products, getting a better competitive advantage. However, it will also affect the interests of the processing industries in the other countries. Therefore, importing countries begin to worry about the use of export taxes.Through different rounds of discussion and the related dispute settlement under the WTO, the controversy over the export tax have not been further tackled. Based on the related proposal in the Doha round and the related regulations of the bilateral trade agreements, this article would put forward the method of the tariff reduction negotiations under the WTO, with some suggestions to increase the feasibility, to solve the problem on the export tax issues.

在世界許多地方，近年來，由於經濟狀況不佳，公民對政府的不滿情況已經很明顯。各國政府一直在努力調整和糾正一些政策。然而，中央銀行影響市場的許多方式是公民可以控制其貨幣體系的創新概念的動力。本文將研究其中一項名為比特幣的創新。 2008年金融危機之後，出現了一個新的命題，排除了任何中央政府免受某種貨幣的干預。創建了一個項目，考慮到在處理付款時，不需要中間人來執行用戶之間的交易。在最開始，沒有人注意到沒有人知道，但在過去幾年裡，現在眾所周知的比特幣已經受到全世界的關注，這個話題引起了大的消息。 在本文中，描述了理解比特幣生態系統的基本概念，並對此數字貨幣體系進行了簡要介紹。本文的主要焦點是比特幣在拉丁美洲的使用和傳播，並進行了深入的分析，發現與採用比特幣相關的經濟體的核心問題。本文強調兩個特定國家，委內瑞拉和阿根廷，主要是因為經濟原因。 / In many places around the world, the discontent from citizens towards governments because of poor economic situations has been evident in recent years. Governments have been trying to make adjustments and correct some policies. However, the many ways in which central banks influence markets has been the motivation for innovative concepts in which citizens can take control of their monetary system. This paper will study one of these innovations called Bitcoin. After the financial crisis of 2008, a new proposition arose to exclude any central government from the intervention of a given currency. A project was created bearing in mind that no intermediary would be needed to executed transactions between users when dealing with payments. At the very beginning no one paid attention and nobody know about it, but in the last few years, what is now well known as Bitcoin has received worldwide attention and big news has been arising from this topic. In this paper, the basic concepts for understanding the Bitcoin ecosystem is described, and a brief introduction regarding this digital currency system is undertaken. The primary focus of the paper is the usage and spread of Bitcoin in Latin America, and an in-depth analysis is done, finding core issues on economies which are related to the adoption of Bitcoin. The paper places an emphasis on two particular countries, Venezuela and Argentina, primarily because of economic reasons.

在過去幾十年的時間，西方國家逐漸興起華文熱。拉丁美洲則到2000年代才漸漸開始看到越來越多的華語課程，因此如今華語教學在此地區仍處於一個不斷變化的階段。在阿根廷，由於華語教師以及華語教材的需求日益增長，當地的華語教師經常必須自備教材或是遷就於不適合的教材。筆者在阿根廷實際從事過華語職業教師數年，於此時期內發現當地使用的對外華語教學教材之理念與教學的實際做法之間存在明顯的差異性。筆者在教學中發現阿根廷學習者具有獨特的語言學習需求與習慣，因此教學法應該迎合學習者的特色與需求。如今阿根廷的華語教學界裡所面臨的問題涉及以下三方面：一是要如何滿足學員的需求、再者是要如何迎合當地學員的語言學習習慣與當地華語教師所使用的教學法、三是要如何突破教目前所使用的教材之無相關性和無效性。目前阿根廷的華語學習者所使用的教材中，有一半是以英語編寫，主要對象是以英語為母語者。另一半是來自中華人民共和國，並以西班牙文編寫的教材。在2009年間，當地的教師出版了一本號稱針對拉丁美洲華語學習者所寫得教材，但是本教材在教學品質及內容相關性皆有缺失。雖然這些教材在阿根廷被廣泛使用，然而對於當地學習者而言卻稱不上是最理想的教材。阿根廷目前所使用的教材主要的缺失，首先在於議題和語言內容與學習者的生活毫無相關。再者，此類教材的設計與教學法不符合當地學習者的需求。最後，教材所採用的練習題無法激勵學習者的思考和溝通能力。本研究的目的為初步分析阿根廷目前所使用的華語教材，並探討其實用性(或有效性)及相關性。藉由了解學習者的需求和當地教師們對於教材的意見，筆者將提出較有效的教學法和相稱的教材。本論文結合了筆者本人在阿根廷教學的實務經驗和當地學習者之意見。在經過教材分析後，筆者以最適合當地華語學習者的溝通教學法(特別採用溝通性教學法)設計出一個課程單元教案，希冀能提升往後西班牙語為母語者的華語學習效果，並對推動區域化華語文教材的編制能有些許貢獻。 / In the past decade, most countries of the Western hemisphere witnessed the surge of the “Chinese Language Fever”. Such a wave arrived in Latin America in mid 2000, with the emergence of Chinese language courses. At present, the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language in this part of the world is still at an early stage of development. In Argentina, the need for qualified Chinese teachers as well as adequate teaching materials is nowadays most urgent, as local teachers find themselves having to adjust to available teaching materials, or in need of preparing additional teaching material to compensate for the shortcomings of currently used course books. During my years as a teacher of Chinese in Argentina, I realized that the underpinnings of the Chinese pedagogical materials are in stark contrast with the practices in the actual classroom. Through my teaching it became apparent that Argentine learners possess distinctive language learning habits and needs, which had to be catered for by means of a suitable teaching methodology. In order to improve the current situation, teachers of Chinese in Argentina must seriously address the following three questions: How should learners’ needs be addressed? How should we reconcile the discrepancy between teaching methodologies and students’ language learning habits? And lastly, how should we reconcile the lack of relevance and effectiveness of Chinese teaching materials? At the moment, half of the materials used by local learners are written in English, i.e. with an English speaking learner in mind. The other half is published in the People’s Republic of China with explanations and instructions written in Spanish. Although circa 2009 a book published by local teachers emerged claiming to be designed specifically for the Latin American learner, the pedagogical quality and relevance of the content are highly questionable. Although these materials are widely used in Argentina, they are far from being ideal for the local learner. The main flaws of Chinese teaching materials currently used in Argentina are namely, the lack of relevance of the themes and linguistic content with respect to the learner’s world experience, and last, but not least, the failure of the practice activities to encourage significant intellectual processes and the development of communicational skills. The aim of this research is, therefore, to analyze the pedagogical materials currently in use in Argentina, in order to evaluate their effectiveness and relevance. In view of the needs revealed by local learners and the opinions of Chinese teachers in said country, I intend to propose a more adequate methodology, as well as a set of sample materials. Thus the present paper is the result of my personal experience as a teacher of Chinese in Argentina and the integration of the opinions of local Chinese language learners. After having analyzed the materials currently available, I will present a set of sample materials, in the hope that it will contribute to the improvement of the quality of the Chinese learning process for Spanish speakers, as well as to promote the future development of localized Chinese teaching materials.

The Chachahuén volcanic complex, with the Cerro Bayo laccolith as one of the largest intrusions, is part of back-arc Payenia volcanic province in western central Argentina. Laccoliths show potential for generating oil in sedimentary basins and producing ore deposits. It is crucial to put more effort into understanding the magma plumbing system beneath the Chachahuén volcanic complex, which the Cerro Bayo laccolith is part of. Thus this project present the first thermobarometric modelling for the Cerro Bayo laccolith and the Chachahuén volcanic complex. Several thermometers and barometers were applied to plagioclase, amphibole and clinopyroxene to understand magma evolution in the underlying plumbing system. The dacitic to rhyodacitic laccolith rocks from Cerro Bayo have porphyric textures with plagioclase in the form of both clots (glomerocrysts) and single crystals, amphibole and clinopyroxene as main phenocrysts, while enclaves are more mafic in composition and have equigranular textures. Plagioclase in the sample varies from andesine to labradorite with a composition of An22-An68, while the clinopyroxene can be classified into diopside to augite with cores (Mg#=76-84) and rims (Mg#62-72). Amphibole, varies from pargasite, ferropargasite to magesiohastingsite and hastingsite, which can be grouped into three groups according to the Mg#: low Mg# amphibole (Mg# = 40-51), medium Mg# amphibole (Mg# = 52-61) and high Mg# amphibole (Mg# = 62-78). Besides, most of the Fe-Ti oxides in the samples are titanomagnetite with Usp mol.% in the range of 0.04-0.54. Results from clinopyroxene-liquid thermobarometers suggest a crystallization depth of 44 to 51 km for clinopyroxene cores and a crystallization depth of 19 to 31 km for rims, of which the derived crystallization temperatures are in the range of 1144 to 1170 °C and 973 to 1002 °C respectively. On the other hand, different thermobarometers of amphibole give consistent results of crystallization temperatures and depths. According to the amphibole-liquid thermometer, low Mg# (Mg#= 40-51) amphiboles have the lowest crystallization temperature in the range of 898 to 931°C, while medium Mg# (Mg#=52-61) amphiboles have higher crystallization temperatures in the range of 951 to 972°C and high Mg# (Mg# = 62-78) amphiboles have highest crystallization temperatures between 991 and 1013°C. The depth translated from pressure derived from amphibole-liquid barometers give a shallower crystallization depth range from 19 to 30 km for low Mg# amphiboles, a deeper crystallization depth in the range of 22 to 39 km for high Mg# amphiboles and deepest crystallization depth range of 27 to 41 km for medium Mg# amphiboles. Moreover, a depth from 2 to 20 km could be gained from the plagioclase-liquid thermobarometry which crystallized at 883 to 910°C. It is worth to point out that crystallization depth of clinopyroxene cores is deeper than the Moho in the Chachahuén area, while crystallization depth and temperatures of clinopyroxene rims are consistent with those of high Mg# amphiboles. Consistent temperatures and depths are also found for crystallization of plagioclase and low Mg# amphiboles which intergrow with each other. Thus, a multi-level magma plumbing system began from below the Moho, with a mushy zone in the upper crust, could be suggested to exist beneath the Cerro Bayo laccolith. Evidence from both petrology and geochemistry also indicate fractional crystallization as well as processes of magma mixing and recharge during magma evolution. / Chachahuén火山综合体，包含其最大的侵入体Cerro Bayo岩盘，是位于阿根廷中西部Payenia弧后火山区的一部分。前人研究多着重于岩石学、地球化学和地层学方面，因而针对下伏岩浆涌升系统的研究在该地区极具前瞻性，需要投入更多工作。本文首次尝试对Chachahuén火山复合体应用温压计进行研究，针对斜长石、角闪石和单斜辉石应用了不同的温度计和压力计，以揭示下伏于Cerro Bayo岩盘的岩浆涌升系统中的岩浆演化。 来自Chachahuén火山复合体Cerro Bayo岩盘的英安质-流纹英安质火成岩具有板状-似斑状结构，其斑晶主要为单晶或聚合物形式存在的斜长石、角闪石及单斜辉石。此外，岩盘中还发现具等粒结构的酸性捕虏体的存在。样品中斜长石（An=22-68）主要成分为中长石至拉长石.单斜辉石主要为透辉石和普通辉石，常发育高镁值核部（Mg#=76-84）和低镁值环带（Mg#62-72）。角闪石主要为韭闪石、铁韭闪石、镁绿钙闪石和绿钙闪石，可根据镁值进一步划分为三个组：低镁值组（Mg# = 40-51），低镁值组（Mg# = 52-61）和高镁值组（Mg# = 62-71）。此外，样品中的钛铁氧化物重要为钛磁铁矿（Usp%=0.04-0.54）。 单斜辉石-熔体温压计的结果表明单斜辉石的核部和环带的结晶温度和深度有所差异：核部具有较高的结晶温度（1144-1170 °C）和较深的结晶深度（44-50km），而环带具有较低的结晶温度（973-1002 °C）和较浅的结晶深度（18-31 km）。与角闪石相关的不同温压计给出了类似的结晶温度和压力，其中存在的微小差异均在误差范围内。因此本文将角闪石-熔体温压计的结果作为最终结果，其显示低镁值角闪石具有较低结晶温度（898-931°C），中镁值角闪石具较高结晶温度（951-972°C），而髙镁值角闪石具最高结晶温度（991-1013°C）。角闪石的结晶深度特征有所不同：低镁值角闪石的结晶深度最浅（19-30km），髙镁值角闪石的结晶深度较深（22-39 km），反而中镁值角闪石结晶深度最深（27-41 km）。斜长石-熔体温压计给出的斜长石结晶温度和深度分别为883-910°C及1-20km。 值得一提的是单斜辉石核部的结晶深度位于研究区莫霍面之下。同时，单斜辉石的环带与髙镁值角闪石具有相似的结晶温度和深度，而斜长石及共生的低镁值角闪石具有相似的结晶温度。因此可以推测，Cerro Bayo岩盘之下，发育一个自莫霍面之下开始的多层岩浆上涌系统。而岩石学和地球化学的证据还表明在岩浆发育过程中岩浆分化结晶和岩浆重注和混合作用并存。 / En lakkolit är en grund magmaficka och en vanligt förekommande del av en vulkan, vilken kan bilda en länk mellan djupa magmatiska aktiviteter och vulkanutbrott. Forskning om kompositionen och bildandet av grunda magmafickor kan hjälpa till att öka förståelsen om geologiska faror och naturresurser. Vid Cerro Bayo exponeras en grund magmakammare vilken utgör en del av Chachahuén vulkankomplexet i Argentina. Det här projektet fokuserar på det magmatiska lagringssystemet och magmautvecklingen vid Cerro Bayo. Magmasammansättningen och magmakammarens förhållanden såsom tryck, temperatur och vattenhalt samt vattensystemets struktur är viktiga faktorer som styr magmatiska processer. För att förstå magmautvecklingen under Cerro Bayo inleddes projektet med en kompositionsanalys av bergprover och mineral. Därefter genomfördes termobarometrisk modellering för att bestämma temperatur- och tryckförhållandena för kristalliseringen av mineraler i det magmatiska systemet. Resultaten av modelleringen tyder på att ett magmatiskt rörsystem av flera nivåer existerar under Cerro Bayo lakkoliten. Det djupaste magmamagasinet ligger på 44-50 km och når upp till 22-41 km i nedre jordskorpan, medan de grunda reservoarerna av magma ligger på ett djup av 2-20 km i övre jordskorpan som slutligen når den grunda magmafickan. Vidare indikerar analysen av mineralstruktur och mineralkemi processer av fraktionerad kristallisering samt påfyllning och blandning av magma under magmautvecklingen. Magman genomgick fraktionerad kristallisering under rörelser uppåt från de djupaste magmakammarna. Magmans temperatur varierar från högre än 1100 ° C till ~ 900 ° C. Ansamlingar av magma fortsatte att fylla på magmamagasin i nedre och övre jordskorpan. Blandning av magma inträffade när en ansamling varmare magma rörde sig från nedre till övre jordskorpreservoarer och påverkade såväl migrering av magma som placeringen av Cerro Bayo lakkoliten