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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

我國立法委員利益迴避制度之研究

王正海, Wang,Cheng-Hai Unknown Date (has links)
倫理是有關哲學、價值及道德的研究,涉及判斷力和行為的準則,亦或是藉以建立及執行正確而又適當行為的樣準;決策則是公共行政內容中最主要的活動,公共政策本身即含有決定社會價值再分配的特性;民主國家的立法單位正是決定利益歸屬的關鍵場域,作為立法機關構成者的立法委員對倫理的認知及踐履,將反映在當代政治風氣的清明與否,利益的分配是否合於公眾對公平正義的期待?長久以來,民眾對立法院形象評價低落的原因之一,正在於部分立法委員以權牟私,特權關說等等不符倫理行為導致政治活動商業化的情事浮濫,故及早建立外部的行為規範,督促政治風氣及國會倫理趨於清明,並設置有效的監督機制,是當前國會改革工程極為艱鉅的工程。 國會的改革與政治環境關係密不可分,故本研究擬採制度比較的方法切入,主要試圖勾勒:(一)、立法委員行為與倫理對公益的關係及影響?(二)、在比較及分析我國國會利益迴避制度的同時,亦參酌美、日、英等國對國會的利益迴避制度,並比較和我國現有制度的異同?(三)、經由現正研擬中有關於利益迴避制度的分析研究,歸納出未來對立法委員行為規範的立法趨勢為何?(四)、整合前述各項差異,歸納出可能改進的方向,作為利益迴避在國會倫理法制化過程中改進的參考。 關鍵字:立法委員、利益迴避、國會倫理 / Ethics deals with value, morality, and philosophy, involving judgment and behavioral principles; it may also be the criteria for establishment and guidance of right and proper conduct. Decision-making is a primary activity of public administration and decision-making itself contains redistributive characteristics of social value. In democratic nations, legislative bodies are the key field that decides whom interests belong to. Being legislative bodies, their acknowledgement and observation of ethics may reflect whether current political atmosphere is free of corruption or not and distribution of interests meets public expectation of fairness and justice. For a long time, one of the reasons that the public rates the Legislative Yuan low lies in that legislators abuse their power to pursue their own interests as influence peddlers; this conduct is not ethical and leads to indiscriminate commercialization of political activities. Hence, setting external conduct norms as soon as possible, enforcing cleanness of political atmosphere and legislative ethics, and forming effective supervising organizations are arduous work for reforming the Legislative Yuan at present. Reformation of the Legislative Yuan and political circumstances are closely related; therefore, this study starts at comparison of system methods in an attempt to present an account: (1) What is the relations and influences of legislators’ conduct and ethics over public interests? (2) By comparison and analysis of the Legislative Yuan’s conflicts of interests and by reference to conflicts of interests systems in Britain, Japan, and U.S.A. this study tries to compare and distinguish differences in these systems. (3) On analysis and study of conflicts of interests system being prepared, legislation trends of legislators conduct norms can be concluded. (4) To summarize the above-mentioned differences, improvements are summed up for legislation for conflicts of interests in legislative ethics code as reference. Key word: legislators, conflicts of interests, Legislative Yuan’s ethics.
2

股東表決權利益迴避制度之研究—台電求償案之分析與檢討 / Study on The Exclusion of Shareholder’s Voting Right

周宛蘭, Chou, Wan Lan Unknown Date (has links)
股份有限公司在「企業經營與企業所有分離」之原則下,公司經營事務固專由法定必備業務機關—董事會職司之,然為保障股東權益,公司法乃賦予各股東表決權,使股東能在股東會中,透過作成決議之方式,形成股東之意見並參與公司之經營決策。因而,表決權可謂股東之重要權利。如欲禁止股東行使此項權利,實應格外慎重。公司法第178條規定「股東對於會議之事項,有自身利害關係致有害於公司利益之虞時,不得加入表決,並不得代理他股東行使其表決權」,為我國公司法制下,股份有限公司之股東表決權利益迴避制度。然此一規定及其規範模式,是否有其正當性及合理性,不無探討之空間。 首先,由於此一規定使用不確定法律概念,「有自身利害關係」、「有害公司利益之虞」等要件之意義、範圍,學說及實務解釋適用上均有不同看法。又因該規定之規範主體為「股東」,當遇有政府或法人股東時,所謂「自身利害關係」之判斷應為「股東」本身,或及於股東之「代表人」,即不無疑義。另構成該規定,法律效果為具有利害關係之「股東」不得加入表決,並不得「代理」他股東行使其表決權,然如有自身利害關係之股東委託他人代理行使表決權時,或受委任者不具股東身分,或受委任者為股東之「代表人」時,應如何解釋適用,亦值探討。此部分將置於本文第二章討論。 其次,整理我國司法判決對公司法第178條之實際運用案例,約略可分為「會計表冊承認」、「董事競業禁止義務解除」及「解任董監事」等三類。另外,「台電求償案」除涉及台灣電力股份有限公司大股東經濟部,應否對「就核四停建一事向政府求償」議案利益迴避之爭議,亦涉及股東會決議權限與股東利益迴避制度間之關係、股東權利義務變動之時點限制、系爭議案求償對象之解釋及股份多數決原則與表決權利益迴避制度之衝突等問題。上開實務見解對於相關規定之解釋適用,是否妥適,本文第三、四章,將先就相關判決予以摘要臚列,復就其中所涉及之爭議,提出一己拙見。 最後,觀諸日本法對於股東表決權利益迴避制度之演變,可知日本最早亦採我國公司法第178條事前禁止之規範模式,惟在1981年(昭和56年)即全面改採事後救濟制。對照日本法制,恰可凸顯我國現行制度下,出現適用範圍不明確、配套措施不足及議事難以進行等問題。本文以為,回歸資本多數決之精神,並考量公司法第178條之規範目的,既係在於確保決議的公正性及公平性,應直接針對不當的決議設計救濟途徑,當更為妥適。如將公司法第178條修改為「股東會決議如因有特別利害關係者行使表決權,而作出顯著不當決議時,股東得訴請法院撤銷該決議」。或逕將此條刪除,改設立多數決濫用禁止之規定,在現行公司法第189條下,新設後段或第2項之規定:「股東會之決議內容,有害公司或少數股東利益而顯著不當者,亦同」,賦予小股東在多數決濫用時一定之救濟管道。過去在我國現行制度下所產生之許多爭議事例,即得以迎刃而解。

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