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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

中、美國會同意權之研究 / The Comparative Study on Confirmation Power between R.O.C &

羅敏強, Lo, Minn Chiang Unknown Date (has links)
本研究之目的乃在探索同意權制度之意義、起源、性質與功能等及其在我 國憲政史中之流衍變遷,以至國民大會同意權制度法制架構、行使程序的 全般建立,其制度類型與性質及行使經驗等諸多問題。本文之研究結果: 一、任命同意權係源於分權理論,為貫徹「政府的統治權力,必須基於人 民的同意」此一民主主義基本精神所為之制度設計;實踐上衍生兩類任命 同意權,一為議會政府制之同意與信任制度,功能在達成政治責任之連鎖 ;一為美國參院制同意權其功能則在於防止不當之任命與維護被同意任命 者之獨立行使職權。二、我國自清季立憲運動起,即偶有任官同意權制度 ,其類型游移於議會政府制與美國參院制之間或兼及兩者,蓋源於中央政 制類型之差異。至民國三十六年間折衷妥協所公布施行之中華民國憲法仍 持續此一特色。三、經過各類同意權之說明,可知國民大會同意權之性質 乃近於美國參院對大法官或獨立委員會之同意權,,而非如內閣制國家之 國會行使閣揆同意權帶有政治性。而美國參院行使同意權,祇為限制太不 妥當的人,並不為黨派關係或個人的好惡,限制總統的用人權。從而對其 人選之審查係採法律之實質審查,以確保其適任該被任命之職務。本文之 研究建議有:一、制度方面──行使同意權之適當與否當隨進一步確立我 國中央政制類型而得到解答;同時也將確立司法、考試兩院院長、副院長 是否為總統僚屬,抑應超出黨派、獨立行使職權?皆應在法制上加以確立 。二、審查程序方面──宜建立適當之審查性聽證制度,以精密化審查程 序;並改進審查報告之撰擬,確實反映各種審查標準與意見。
2

試論醫方的告知說明義務 = Talk about the obligations to inform the patients

溫靜 January 2009 (has links)
University of Macau / Faculty of Law
3

落空的權利—從法律多重製圖觀點看日月潭邵族原住民族土地同意權的實踐 / The Hollow Rights: The Practice of Thao’s Indigenous Land Rights in Taiwan from the Perspective of "Multi-Layered Mapping of Law"

沈世祐, Shen, Shih Yu Unknown Date (has links)
《原住民族基本法》於2005年通過,是台灣原住民族運動努力多年的成果,但是近年來原住民族仍持續面對各種壓迫。在土地權利方面,該法第21條規定政府或私人於原住民族土地進行開發利用時,需事先諮詢當地原住民族之同意或參與(簡稱「同意權」),然而在許多案件中,原住民族主張此條文表達反對時,經常未能得到行政部門正面回應。本研究以日月潭邵族反對向山旅館開發案為例,理解「同意權」如何變成「落空的權利」。 許多文獻討論,將原住民族權利與實踐的落差歸因於「個人權」(individual right)與「集體權」(collective right)兩種概念的差異及行政部門本位主義因素。本研究則想更進一步釐清,又有哪些其他因素也影響原住民族權利的落實? 在這些因素的影響下,「同意權」的規範運作又產生了何種實際效用? 本研究將從「法律多重製圖」之觀點回答上述問題,首先將探究「同意權」概念在國際法、國內法與行政實踐中的規範生產與運作,分析在不同的場域下,場域內的參與者如何對「同意權」進行法律製圖。本文主張,法律生產過程中對權利概念的意義內涵轉換、法律生產與運作場域的邏輯結構,皆影響原住民族權利的實踐。同時,本研究進一步以日月潭邵族的案例,說明原住民族土地權中「自由與事先知情同意原則」或「同意權」規範,理想上是以原住民族的「參與」並實現自決權為目標,但在邵族的案例中,實際運作卻是不斷「排除」原住民族的過程,法律成為排除原住民族權利的合理化機制,更避開各種議題對立面的討論。 權利的落空一方面指權利主張不被理解與正視,更進一步指原住民族社會愈遠離「集體」的過程,因而我們需對原住民族同意權或各種集體權的運作有更多的反省,並持續探詢屬於每個部落或族群中所謂「好生活」(good life)的意義。本文最後藉用「草根後現代主義」(grassroots post-modernism)之概念,介紹原住民族在追求「好生活」的道路上,如何藉著在地思考、找回與族群內部的連結,以此對抗全球化、新自由主義趨勢下對原住民族權利的影響與侷限。 / Though its enactment in 2005 can be regarded as an achievement of Indigenous movement in Taiwan, The Indigenous Peoples Basic Law does not work as it promises. The indigenous people are still struggling for the fulfillment of rights. With respect to land rights, Article 21 of the Law requires the participation and consent of local indigenous people before the development and utilization of the indigenous land. However, the article is often neglected by the government in many cases. This case study then focuses on Thao people (邵族)who live around Sun-Moon Lake (日月潭)and their opposition to a Hotel program located in Xiangshan(向山), which is regarded as the traditional territory of Thao. By adopting the perspective of “Multi-Layered Mapping of Law”, I hope to analyze the enactment process and the effect of law concerning the principle of Free, Prior and Informed Consent as well as land rights of indigenous people, and try to describe how the “right to consent” becomes a “hollow right” in practice. The study depicts the right as “hollow” for two meanings. On the one hand, it shows the situation for indigenous people facing the gap between the law’s promise and law’s practice in the complex process of law making and law enforcement. On the other hand, it further describes the more distance from collectiveness within indigenous society. The study suggests that more dialogue and more reflection is needed when claiming rights. The last part of the study then introduces the idea of “grassroots post-modernism” which discuss the way to “Good Life" and the way of resistance against globalization and neoliberalism. Although the issues need further discussion in future studies, the idea can be a guidance for indigenous people as they pursue the fulfillment of land rights, autonomy and self-determination.

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