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旺代戰爭與羅馬公教 / The Vendée War and the Catholic Church林弘毅, LIN, Hong yi Unknown Date (has links)
法國歷史長期以來多樣性文化造成的地方特殊性,在旺代地區與羅馬公教信仰結合,成為宗教信仰與地方認同的綜合體——鐘聲文化。透過教堂與教堂的鐘,神職人員掌控居民的一切活動,創造與教堂密不可分的生活經驗,也以教堂為中心建立一個居民共享的文化空間。
法國大革命延續波旁王室追求中央集權與教權歸屬王權的目標,希望能夠創立全國性的國家認同,打破過去各地方獨立的地方特殊性,以及宗教干預政治的傳統,並將法國建構成一個想像的共同體。而在鐘聲文化之下,旺代則希望能夠維持地方情感,保護信仰,延續法國歷史上地方精神與中央精神的抗衡。旺代戰爭的意義在於突顯出法國並不是一個單一的概念,在法國一詞之下,包含的是各種各樣的文化與生活模式。
旺代的地方意識,顯現出法國歷史的延續性,並沒有因為革命發生而斷裂。而法國大革命所彰顯的國家認同,目的則在使法國能真正朝向一個民族國家前進,不再是分散的、對中央沒有依賴性的不緊密結構。延續與變遷,便構成法國大革命時期,旺代地區的認同糾葛。
本文所要探究的,即是從旺代地區在舊制度時期羅馬公教下鐘聲文化開始,進而探討大革命發生後,在旺代戰爭過程中,地方意識與中央集權的對抗,以及戰後國家認同的問題。 / In French history, cultural diversity influenced the identity of many different regions. In the case of Vendée, local identity, strengthened by the Roman Catholic Church, formed a special concept, which was described as “esprit du clocher”. The rhythm of daily life, as well as the general view of the world, was dominated by the church bell.
Even after the French revolution, the French government followed the example from the ancien régime. They tried to replace this feeling of local identity with the spirit of a new nation. The general tendency of centralization continued. However, Vendée tried hard to maintain their long held approach. The Vendée War was a result of the cumulation of this tension.
The outcome of this war proved that the new national identity was prevailing. In this thesis, the author wishes to examine the transition from the esprit du clocher to the esprit de la nation.
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