嚴重的廢棄物處理問題，是現今施政的一大課題，而由於垃圾焚化相較於其他處理方式更能達到減量化、衛生化、安定化及資源化之目標，故成為未來垃圾處理方式之主流，垃圾焚化廠亦將陸續興建完工。但不可避免地，垃圾焚化廠亦會產生一些負面影響，往往被視為嫌惡性設施之一種，而形成設置上之阻力。 　　本研究之目的主要在藉由居民對焚化廠之認知、評價、接受程度、造成影響之感受，以及居民對焚化廠回饋地方措施之期望及其成效如何等相關課題之探討，以了解焚化廠設置形成阻力之原因所在，此外，並輔以相關文獻、專家意見及相關法規等資訊之整合，嘗試對降低焚化廠嫌惡性之可行方向提出建議，冀能對減輕日後興建焚化廠之阻力的有所助益，並期能確保民眾之生活環境品質。 　　本研究之重要結論與建議如下： 　　一、結論 　　　（一）民眾對於國內興建焚化廠之品質及二次污染控制能力仍缺乏信心，且居民預期焚化廠可能造成之影響通常會較焚化廠實際產生之影響大。 　　　（二）在居民願意接受焚化廠設置於其住家附近之條件中，以風險減輕方案最為居民所重視。 　　　（三）民眾對焚化廠回饋措施之認知程度愈高者，其對焚化廠接受程度愈高。 　　二、建議 　　　（一）在焚化廠風險減輕之策略方面，主管單位除了污染防治工作外，還必須了解公眾對風險的感受及反應，縮短政府與民眾在認知上之差距。 　　　（二）回饋措施（經濟誘因）有助於降低焚化廠之嫌惡性，故主管單位應加強焚化廠回饋措施方面之配置與宣導，以爭取民眾之支持。 　　　（三）適當的資訊回饋，可避免民眾對焚化廠之風險太過高估而增添不必要之憂慮，進而減輕其設置之阻力，故主管單位應適時提供民眾所需之環境資訊。 / The serious solid waste disposal problem is one of the challenges to the government policies. Landfilling is not a suitable solid waste disposal alternative in Taiwan, because of the high population density and the difficulty of acquiring land, At the same time, incinerators can help achieve waste reduction, sanitary disposal, stabilty, and resource recovery. Therefore, incineration will play an increasingly important role in the government's solid waste disposal plans. 　　Although incineration is one of the better approaches to dealing with solid waste disposal, it still has certain negative impacts on the quality of life. Therefore, it has been treated as a NIMBY (Not-In-My-Back-Yard), To some extent, NIMBYs are necessary to the community. The issue to be dealt with, then, becomes"how to find an equitable way to solve this dilemma." 　　This thesis focuses on three incinerators in Neihu, Wenshan, and Shihlin, Taipei. From the results of literature review, field surveys, data collection, questionnaires, and interviews, this study tries to explore the relationships between incinerators and the quality of life. This study also examines the effectiveness of compensation packages of these NIMBYs and people's attitudes toward incinerators. 　　The important findings of this thesis are as follows: 　　1.conclusions 　　　(1).Although most people have positive attitudes toward MSW incinerators, they do not feel confident about the quality of MSW incinerators and the administration's ability to control the second pollution. 　　　(2).People are more concerned with risk reduction strategies, rather than economic incentives. 　　　(3).The degree to which residents accept MSW incinerators will be affected by residents' knowledge about the compensation packages of Neihu incinerator area. 　　2.Policy implications 　　　(1).From the analyses we can see that people are more willing to accept risk reduction solutions rather than economic incentives. Therefore, if the government tries to increase the acceptance of MSW incinerators among residents, it should focus more on risk reduction plans. 　　　(2).Because residents are still lack of confidence about the quality of MSW incinerators and the ability of the administration to control the second pollution, the government should provide more accurate information to the public and guarantee the quality of MSW incinerators and the ability to control the second pollution. 　　　(3).If the government can provide some economic incentives to reduce the equity issues, the residents may be more willing to live closer to LULU facilities. From the analysis , we can see that economic incentives do reduce the NIMBY syndrome to some extents (even though not so much as risk reduction programs). Therefore, in addition to the pollution prevention and risk reduction programs, the government should also reinforce and provide more information about the compensation packages.