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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Myriad案後基因檢測產業之問題與挑戰 / Problems and Challenges of Genetic Testing Industry after Myriad Case

王薏媗 Unknown Date (has links)
基因攜帶人類遺傳資訊,基因檢測於現今醫藥發展趨於個人化醫療的走向極具發展性,開發用於體外診斷試劑、藥物伴隨檢測等,準醫療計畫宣布後更使其成為醫療生技產業中的重點開發項目。然Myriad案卻一反美國專利商標局數十年給予基因專利的態度,認為分離和純化後的基因為天然產物,而不符合專利適格。 在1852年,最高法院在Le Roy v. Tatham案中勾勒出天然產物不符合專利適格的雛形,由於自然的力量、抽象的概念及自然的產物不符合專利適格的原因除了是因為沒有人可以獨佔自然的力量,也因其會阻礙未來進步與發明。Myriad案中論述的過程當中,各級法院分別由分離及純化後的基因的分子特性以及分子化學結構的途徑來剖析基因是否落入自然產物的範圍而不符合專利適格。最終,美國最高法院由分子特性的角度出發,認為Myriad並沒有創造或更變任何BRCA1或BRCA2基因之遺傳資訊,而應獲得專利保護;相對的cDNA則因其係為mRNA逆轉錄而成的,仍可以獲得專利。然最高法院的論述卻忽略cDNA在特性上同樣攜帶遺傳資訊。然自然法則之外,最高法院的判決可能更加是因為為了要讓患者獲得第二檢測意見政策因素而做出傾向限縮基因專利的判斷。 在Myriad案後,從前以專利保護作為重要商業手段的基因檢測產業預計將會許多產業的變化。未來,低成本的基因檢測將使產業帶來轉變,更有利於精準醫療的發展。而廠商以檢測後的結果進行大數據分析為營利來源、改採取營業秘密方式保護等,應為可採納的因應方式。
2

台灣地區基因檢測之意向及願付價格調查 / The Investigation of people's intention and their willingness to pay toward genetic testing in Taiwan

王荷惠, Wang, Ho Hui Unknown Date (has links)
本研究的目的主要是想要探討台灣地區的人民對於基因檢測的意向及願付價格。資料來自於中央研究院所主導的一項電話訪問,其中有關願付價格的部分是透過條件評估法的方式來取得。針對願付價格的分析,我們藉由潛在變數模型將受訪者對於基因檢測的知識、態度和自我認知等資訊萃取出來,並視為新的解釋變數來進行分析。此外,僅完成單界詢價過程的受訪者的資訊也和提供完整回答的受訪者一併納入分析。 結果顯示一個人的性別、教育程度、宗教信仰傾向及對基因檢測的態度會顯著影響是否願意免費參加基因檢測的意願。而在詢價過程中,一開始受訪者被問及的金額和此人其基因檢測相關的知識程度影響了他(她)是否願意付錢參加基因檢測。至於在願意付合理價格的人們之中,他們的健康程度、收入和自家人的癌症病史則皆為影響價格高低的因素。 / This study is aimed to explore people’s intention and their willingness to pay (WTP) for genetic testing in Taiwan. A telephone survey using contingent valuation method (CVM) was conducted by the Academia Sinica to collect the data. There are three unique features that distinguish our data analysis approach from the others. First, the covariates related to a respondent’s knowledge, attitude and perception (KAP) on genetic testing are generated through the use of a latent trait model. Second, the information collected from a respondent who completed only the single-bounded part of the survey is also included in the analysis. Third, reasons given by a respondent is used to decide whether he/she is willing to pay a lower price or unwilling to pay any price. It is shown that one’s gender, education level, religious tendency and attitude all have significant impact on whether a respondent is willing to try a free genetic test. When it comes to pay for it, the initial bid asked and the degrees of knowledge affect his/her decision a lot. For those who are willing to pay a reasonable price for genetic testing, their WTP depend largely on their health conditions, incomes, and cancer histories.

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