彈幕（Danmaku, danmu），是一種評論分享系統，原生於日本線上影音交流平台，其直接覆蓋在影視文本的文字符號文化展現特殊觀影型態。隨著影片播放過程以及彈幕隨機出現，使用者於觀影當下必須隨時改變閱聽焦點來理解瞬間變化的內容，意義生產更加複雜。 彈幕影片呈現出高度流動的觀影文本與觀影狀態，然則現行分析影視文本、媒介、閱聽人研究尚未針對三者變動交互關係－亦即彈幕與影視文本交疊的型態，及閱聽人的接收歷程與反應進行深入分析。Deleuze和Guattari的塊莖思維強調物質與概念的生成（becoming）與裝配（assemblage），以力量的關係作用構成動態的世界觀。據此，本研究設計一個詮釋「流動性」的研究架構，用以同時探究彈幕文本的瞬間形變與使用者觀看影片的瞬間審美體驗。 本研究將彈幕文本與使用者視作兩部「機器」，透過情動力（affect）串聯彈幕、影像內容、使用者異質感受交雜變動的歷程。研究最後提出「嬉遊文本」與「文本人」的概念來說明塊莖式審美的意涵，以及未來的可能應用。 / Danmaku, or Danmu, is a comment-sharing system originating from Japanese online video-streaming platforms. It constitutes a specific viewing state. Videos are covered with texts and symbols, which keep varying and breaking the connotation and denotation of meaning. Danmaku also complicates the perception of the audience. However, such frequently changing viewing contexts have never been studied thoroughly.To illustrate the interrelation among media, texts and audience, this study aims to develop a “fluxional” research framework. To interpret “sudden” metamorphoses of clips and “sudden” visual experiences while people are viewing Danmaku films, this study takes Deleuze and Guattaris’ figurative concepts of rhizome as main research perspectives. Rhizomatic thinking focuses on the “assemblages” of physical objects and metaphysical concepts as well as how they are “becoming,” which all together constitute a dynamic worldview. In this study, Danmaku films and the audience are both seen as “machines”, through which the “affect” flows. The “affect” forms various rhythms, which energize the constant changing of the content in a video, arousing instant sensation and comprehension. In the end, this study brings up “collective play script” and “text-er” to conceptualize the context of Rhizo-aesthetic experience, in a hope to offer a new approach to understand new media interface and content design.

本研究採行塊莖思維為研究取徑探勘台灣另類／獨立媒體的新聞實踐。考量到時間限制且本研究不以發掘台灣另類／獨立媒體的群像為研究目的，研究者選擇以《上下游新聞市集》新聞部門為研究案例，藉由參與觀察法、深度訪談法深描上下游新聞如何產製報導、歷經哪些轉變、內部如何互動等與新聞產製有關的面向，並從「與變共處」的塊莖生成觀點，檢視其「以變為常」的新聞實踐面貌與生成。 研究發現，上下游新聞會隨著組織人事流動、讀者閱讀習慣改變、內容市場競爭等內外情境變動而調整組織編制與報導產製模式，但因內部成員對於調整方向與幅度未能協商出共識，內部衝突因而日增。對此，上下游新聞目前試圖藉由共同守門模式以及制度化的組織運作降低內部衝突發生機會。 再者，從上下游新聞與域外物的互動經驗可以發現，臉書等社群平台是上下游新聞重要的消息來源與露出管道，對上下游新聞的報導產製影響重大。 另一方面，隨著組織受到各種內外情境變動的刺激，上下游新聞成員逐漸展現各自對於媒體角色定位的見解差異，成員紛紛在突破疆域界線的分裂點上，表明自己如何認知媒體角色定位，並由此開創不同於以往的新聞實踐樣貌。 / This thesis takes the notion of rhizome as a research approach to explore the journalistic practices of alternative media in Taiwan. Considering time limitation and the purpose of this research, the researcher adopts the methods of depth interview and participable observation to examine the journalistic practice of research object in this thesis—“News & Market.” At the same time, the researcher looks into journalistic practices via Deleuze and Guattari’s notion of “rhizome” and “becoming.” According to the study, along with the context change, News & Market constantly adjusts its organizational structure and the way it produces news. However, since journalists cannot often reach an agreement altogether, the organizational conflicts would gradually increase. For now, News & Market manages to reduce the possibilities of organizational conflicts through the ways of “joint gatekeeping production mode” and “institutional operation of the organization.” Moreover, the study indicates that social media platform, taking the example of Facebook, has a huge influence on the news production of News & Market. At last, because of the growing influence of context change, the journalists of News & Market show different cognition on their role positions. When there is the time of different points of view, the journalists would cross the border to provide different ideas and develop the journalistic practices that are different from the past.