隨著近年醫療糾紛日益增加，民刑事訴訟程序冗長，醫病雙方長時間煎熬，醫病關係日益惡化，導致防禦性醫療盛行。本研究從醫療責任切入，討論醫療爭議及現行處理途徑與方式，現行醫療責任保險之發展，簡介外國醫療責任保險概況。探討我國實施強制醫療責任保險之可能性。 本研究試圖以多階層醫療風險處理模式，以達有效處理醫療糾紛事件之目的。該模式將建立強制醫療責任保險以提供基本補償及簡化賠償機制，推動醫療機構責任保險以行政手段加強民眾保障，限定賠償金額避免高風險急重症專科無人從事，提倡醫師專業責任保險分散風險，引進醫事審議仲裁機制縮短醫療糾紛審查及賠償程序。 期以多面向分層處理醫療糾紛及其賠償問題，建構安全的醫療制度，避免防衛性醫療的盛行及司法資源的浪費。 / With the growing number of medical malpractice cases and the lengthy process of both civil and criminal litigation procedures in recent years, the torture has been agonizing and worsening the relationship between physicians and patients. The very situation results in the prevalence of defensive medical treatment. This research deals with the problem from the viewpoint of medical liability, discusses the current methods of handling medical disputes and explores the development of current medical liability insurance. An overview of the situation in other countries is presented to investigate the possibility of implementing mandatory medical liability insurance in Taiwan. This research attempts to establish a multi-level mode to effectively resolve medical risks. This mode will contribute to a lot of functions including enforcing mandatory medical liability insurance, supporting a fundamental compensation and simplifying the process of damages claiming. Furthermore, the mode will also serve to promote the medical liability insurance of medical institutions and in turn enhance the protection for the common public with administrative measures. In addition, the mode intends to restrict the upper limit of damages in order to remedy the serious phenomenon that no doctors are willing to practice in the high-risk medical departments, which is expected to distribute the medical risk of all the doctors. It will also introduce a medical arbitration mechanism to shorten and accelerate the procedure of medical reviewing and damages claiming in handling medical malpractice cases. We hope, with the establishment of such a multi-level mode, a sound and wholesome medical system can be constructed and the overflowing defensive medical treatment and waste of judicial resources can be avoided.