本文嘗試以政治經濟學的取徑，研究當代高等教育的轉型與資本主義的連結。 本文以Marx對資本主義的批判為基礎，並結合Polanyi對虛構商品的考察，以及Jessop對知識的虛構商品化的論證，本文以為，在知識經濟的時代當中，知識被「虛構」為商品與資本，將知識勞動者收編至剝削的生產關係之中；在此，知識不僅只是經濟長波的關鍵，也是資本的競爭力－佔有超額利潤的能力，的關鍵所在。也因而，生產知識的場域，尤其是大學，就被捲入了資本主義之中，成為學術生產體制。 而被捲入資本主義的大學知識勞動者不僅只有教授或研究、教學人員，當中，又以研究生最為特殊，他們是「被生產的勞動力商品，同時又是生產知識商品的勞動力」。本文提出了勞動學習的概念，並以「是否直接生產剩餘價值」和「是否承受市場壓力」檢視研究生的勞動學習。本文以臺灣大學工會的案例，探討在勞動與學習混合為一的「勞動學習過程」、「學術外包」以及「名為助學的薪資與工作內容」的作用底下，研究生承受市場壓力，並被排除在勞動法制的保障之外的情形。 但是依照「有勞動事實就必須有勞動保護」的原則，本文以適用勞動法的各種要件主張研究生應適用勞動法令並享有各種勞動權，並得組成工會進行團體協商、維護自身權益。 最後，本文認為，我們必須正視資本主義式的學術生產體制對於研究生的剝削與壓迫，承認師、校、生之間的矛盾，進而團結抵抗資本主義的不斷擴張。 / This dissertation tried to examine the interconnection between the transformation of higher education and capitalism from political economy perspective. Based on the critique on capitalism by Marx, the inspection on fictitious commodity by Polanyi and the account of commoditization of knowledge of Jessop, this dissertation argues that, in the so-called knowledge economy, knowledge presents as the form of commodity and capital, and subsequently subsumes the knowledge worker into the exploited relation of production under capitalism. Besides, knowledge is also the key to create “long wave”, and more importantly, the competency of capital, which allows capital to gain surplus profits in the competition. With the development of knowledge economy, university has been transformed as “Academic Production Regime”. The graduates are also been subsumed into the Academic Production Regime. They are unique in this regime because they are “produced commodity of labor power, and also the labor power to produce commodity”. I bring up the concept of “learning by laboring” to examine, “Do the graduates produce surplus value?” and “Do the graduates endure the press from market?” With the case of Taiwan University Union, I asserted that the mixture of laboring and learning, academic subcontracting, and grant of student aid obscured the exploitation to graduates. Graduates now endure the press from market and be ignored by the protection of labor laws. I investigated the controversy of applying graduates employees to labor law, and argue that every labor should be protected by labor law. Finally, I contended that we shall confront the conflict between graduates, faculty and the university, and uniting to against the spread of capitalism