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從評估到決定:居家服務配置與核定過程之研究--以台北市失能老人居家服務為例徐珮宜 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以台北市失能老人居家服務為例,了解居家服務評估人員如何做出居家服務配置之決定。為確保資源公平有效的分配,透過居家服務審核制度,讓資源分配到真正需要的人身上,符合公平正義的原則。
研究目的如下:
1.了解居家服務評估人員進行需求評估之面向
2.評估過程中,哪些因素會影響評估人員服務配置之決定
3.評估人員從評估轉換成服務配置決定之過程。
本研究以深度訪談的方式,訪問台北市各老人中心共14位居家服務評估人員,以及社會局3位居家服務審核人員,以了解居家服務配置與核定的過程。研究發現如下:
影響居家服務評估因素,可以分成「案主方面」、「家屬方面」、「評估人員方面」、「政策規定方面」、「其他相關單位」五個方面來討論。「案主方面」包括案主意願、案主個性、案主未被發現的能力、案主不願意承認失能;「家屬方面」包括家屬負荷過大、家屬過度的擔心、家屬對於付費的態度、家庭照顧者照護觀念與照顧技巧;「評估人員方面」包括評估人員專業背景的差異、評估人員的價值觀、評估人員的處遇經驗、評估人員對現有資源之了解;「政策規定方面」包括政策規定之標準、居家服務精神與原則;「其他相關單位」包括詢問居家服務單位提供服務所需時間、機構主管的意見、同事的意見。
影響居家服務配置的決策因素,可分成「案主方面」、「家屬方面」、「評估人員方面」三個方面來討論。「案主方面」包括案主的意願以及根據案主的需求;「家屬方面」了解家屬的期待與需求,並與家屬達成共識;「評估人員方面」會希望選擇對案主最有利的方式提供服務,並以循序漸進的方式,讓案主慢慢接受服務。因此居家服務配置安排是由評估人員,依照案主的失能程度、身份別、家庭支持系統的狀況,再經過案主、家屬、評估員三者意見之整合,達到一個共識共同來訂定服務配置計畫。
研究建議方面,評估人員專業能力再提升,透過專業的評估訓練,使評估可以更加的完整;並且加強宣導福利的使用觀念,將福利用在最需要的人身上;居家服務每一細項可以有更一致的標準,才能更貼切案主需求的服務配置;而政府也應該針對社區不足的地方提供社區資源建構之協助,才能有足夠資源可結合與使用,最後建議可由老人中心工作人員擔任個案管理之角色,而將居家服務評估工作委託獨立單位行使,確保案主接受服務之品質。
關鍵字:失能老人、居家服務、居家服務評估、服務配置決定
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失智老人家庭照顧者使用居家服務經驗之初探 / A study on the experiences of caregivers taking care of elderly with dementia using home-care services陳宜婷 Unknown Date (has links)
隨著老年人口的增加,首要面對的議題即為慢性病罹病率的劇增,而其中又以近年來大家所最為關注的失智症為最。由於失智症患者的記憶力、語言與自我照顧能力會隨著病程而逐漸退化,使得照顧者在照顧上的負荷更勝一般失能老人的照顧者。因此,本研究欲從失智老人家庭照顧者的觀點,瞭解其選擇使用居家服務之經驗。
據此,本論文之研究目的在於:一、瞭解失智老人家庭使用居家服務之原因。二、探索失智老人家庭照顧者使用居家服務前後的照顧項目變化,並進而探究居家服務對照顧者及老人之功能。三、從失智老人家庭照顧者的觀點出發,探索何謂好的居家服務,以及其他失智症相關的福利需求。四、依據研究結果,作為服務單位改進措施及政策規劃之參考。
本研究使用質性取向的研究方法,由台北市兩間居家服務協助提供適合本研究之研究對象,採用半結構式的深度訪談法進行資料蒐集,共計訪談十位照顧者。主要的研究結果如下:
一、失智老人家庭照顧者普遍都有生理、心理及社會層面的負荷,這些負荷包括照顧壓力太大、自己的時間受到限制及照顧與工作無法兼顧;而當照顧者面臨到老人因素、照顧者因素及照顧人力因素等三個因素的困難時,就會傾向選擇其他的替代方式來照顧老人。
二、對失智老人家庭照顧者而言,居家服務除可分擔自己的照顧責任、增進社會接觸、補充照顧人力不足之問題以及增加可彈性運用之時間外,更能讓自己對老人狀況有所掌握,並能減緩自己與老人間的緊張關係;而居家服務對失智老人亦有所幫助,尤其是在「增加老人社會接觸」與「增進老人生活自理能力」兩方面。但僅對於輕、中度的失智老人有幫助,對於失智重度以上甚至生活自理能力缺損嚴重的老人而言,幫助則有限。
三、對於失智老人家庭照顧者來說,好的服務員應具備:要有服務熱忱、有愛心、能注重細節,並能感受老人的需求;要有好的服務態度;要有專業素養;及要能讓老人信任等特質;而照顧者眼中好的居家服務單位,則應具備:為求服務員穩定提供服務,對於服務員的休假或請假應有相關規定;應要求服務員要定期回報服務狀況;及應定期安排服務員受訓等條件。 / With the increase of elderly population, the rapid growth of the morbidity of chronic diseases has become the most important issue. In recent years, most people pay attention to the elderly with dementia because their memory, language and self-care capacity will be gradually degraded during the course of the disease. The burden of caregivers taking care of the elderly with dementia is much heavier than the general caregivers of the disabled elderly. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the viewpoints of caregivers taking care of the elderly with dementia about their experiences in choosing to use the home-care services. Accordingly, the purposes of this study are the following: first, understanding the reasons of using home-care services of the family with the elderly with dementia; second, exploring the changes of the caregivers taking care of the elderly with dementia before and after using the home-care services; third, exploring what are good home-care services and other dementia-related welfare needs from the viewpoints of caregivers taking care of the elderly with dementia; forth, providing suggestions for policy making and the improvement of the home-care services providers based on the research findings.
This study used the qualitative research approach, and collected data from two home-care services providers and included semi-structured in-depth interviews with ten caregivers of the elderly with dementia. The research findings were listed below:
First, the caregivers of the elderly with dementia generally had physical, psychological and social dimensions of burden including pressure, limited time and being not able to take charge of caregiving and work simultaneously. When caregivers faced the difficulties of the above three factors such as the elderly with dementia, caregivers and caregiving manpower, they tended to choose other alternatives to provide caregiving for the elderly.
Second, for the caregivers of the elderly with dementia, they could understand the situation of the elderly and reduce their tensions between themselves and the elderly in addition to sharing their duty of caregiving, improving social contact, supplying manpower, and enhancing the time flexibility by providing home-care services. Home-care services also could help the elderly with dementia particularly in the dimensions of “social contact “and “promotion of daily living”. However, it was only for the elderly with mild to moderate degree of dementia; for the elderly with severe dementia and more severe impairment of daily living, the benefit was limited.
Third, from the viewpoints of family caregivers of the elderly with dementia, a good home-care worker should have the enthusiasm for providing services, be compassionate and attentive to details, be able to understand the needs of the elderly, have a good attitude, be professional, and be able to be trusted by the elderly. In addition, a good home-care services provider should provide the stable quality of services, have the relevant regulations, require caregivers to report services status regularly and train the home-care workers periodically.
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