在教育改革浪潮下，台灣師資培育制度於1994年師資培育法公布之後，正式進入多元培育的體制。新制實施後，引發不少爭論。主要爭論焦點之一為新制培育的教師，其教師素質是否比舊制培育者為低。主張單一培育制度者認為師範院校具有獨特潛在課程，潛移默化學生專業精神，因而學生素質較佳；多元師資培育制度者則認為市場競爭、教師專業化取向有利提高教師素質。 本研究主要目的即透過「台灣教育長期追蹤資料庫」（TEPS）第二波國中教師及學生之資料，比較不同培育背景之數學教師於教師素質及學生數學成就上之差異，並釐清過去關於師資培育之爭論。 本研究數學教師樣本數為7,001，依據教師年資、是否就讀師範院校，以及是否修習教育學程等標準，將數學教師培育背景分成新制、舊制，及師範與非師範院校等共七類。教師素質則包含與教學效能及教師專業承諾等兩面向相關之指標。學生數學成就則以TEPS提供之數學能力IRT分數為指標。 本研究依不同研究假設，進行卡方檢定、單因子變異數分析、多元迴歸等統計分析。主要發現如下： 一、師範院校與非師範院校培育之教師相比，其教學效能及教師專業承 諾有顯著差異。在教學效能上，師範院校生較常使用傳統教學策略與教材，非師範院校生則較常使用新制教學策略與教材及常測驗考試；在教師專業承諾上，非師範院校生則表現較佳。但兩者在學生學習成就上則無顯著差異。 二、舊制與新制培育之教師相比，其教學效能及教師專業承諾有顯著差異。教學效能方面，舊制生於其他教材層面表現較佳，新制生則於維持秩序及常測驗考試層面表現較佳；而教師專業承諾上，舊制生於研究進修層面表現較佳，新制生則於教學不厭倦層面表現較佳。但舊制生於學生學習成就表現較佳。 雖然研究發現，不同培育背景之教師，其教學效能、教師專業承諾、及學生數學成就表現有顯著差異。但進一步分析，則發現整體而言，這些差異並不是很大。由此可見，多元師資培育政策並未影響教師素質，而一般大學師資培育機構之培育功效亦不亞於師範院校之師資培育機構。綜觀以上發現，可發現「教育系統標準化」的觀點更合乎台灣的現況。台灣之師資培育與學生的學習成就，在「國家機器」嚴格的控制把關之下，能夠維持一定水準。 / The pre-service teacher education in Taiwan has become multi-training since 1994. Considerable debates have been arisen since then, and one of which is “Teaching Quality.” Some argue that multi-training policy worsens teaching quality. For they think Normal Schools, providing more latent lessons to students’ spirit, are better than other pre-service teacher education programs. On the other hand, some argue that the new multi-training policy would advance teaching quality by the market competition and teacher’s professionalism. The main purpose of this study is to utilize the data of “Taiwan Education Panel Survey” (TEPS) to compare the effects of pre-service teacher education programs on the teaching quality and students’ math achievement in a bid to solve the controversy. In this study, the teachers’ sample, divided into 7 categories according to their teaching experience and training background, is 7001. Besides, “teaching quality” includes “teaching efficiency” and “teacher’s professional commitment.” “Students’ math achievement” is based on students’ math IRT score provided by TEPS. The study mainly utilizes statistical analyses based on Chi-square analysis, ANOVA, Regression analysis and so on, The study finds out, although teachers of different training backgrounds have significant differences on their teaching efficiency, teacher’s professional commitment and students’ math achievement, the differences are not magnificent. In other words, the effects of different pre-service teacher education programs on the teaching quality and students’ math achievement are not much diverse. The result suggests that under firm control of “the state apparatus”, teaching quality and students’ academic achievement in Taiwan could maintain at a level.