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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

條約法上強制規律之研究 / The Study of Jus Cogens on the Law of Treaties

姜森, Chiang, Sen Unknown Date (has links)
本論文除第一章導論外,尚分五章,其架構大致介紹如下:一.第二章為〔國內法上之強制規律及其基本理論〕本章之探討目的,主要在表明強制規律的基本意義,強制規律與任意規律的不同,強制規律維護公益及法律秩序之根本的本質﹞。第三章為〔條約法上強制規律的發展〕本章之目的乃在表明,強制規律的用語雖來自於國內法,但其在國際法上之思想淵源卻可追朔至十六七世紀的自然法學派﹞。第四章為〔條約法上強制規律的意義,內涵與本質〕許多與強制規律有關的重要問題,接在這章討論,比如,條約法公約第五十三條所謂〔國際社會全體接受並公認〕的真正意涵何在?國際法規律究為自然法或實證法?強制規律與國際法法源的關係為何?在國際社會並無一世界政府的情形下,國際法強制規律的內涵為何?四.第五章為〔與強制規律牴觸情勢之探討〕本章討論的難題亦不少,比如,條約在締結時與強制規律牴觸者無效,此等無效之性質為何?強制規律是否有回溯的效力?第三國是否有權主張與強制規律牴觸的條約無效?等問題﹞第六章為結論第六章針對整篇論文提出三項總結,第一節認為強制規律已獲得多數學者之肯定,但仍面臨了若干未決之難題,第二節強調強制規律是一項實證國際法規範,第三節勾勒出強制規律的理想,乃在協調個體與全體間利益之衝突。
2

標準必要專利之國際管轄與準據法研究 / International jurisdiction and choice of law for standard essential patents

張博茹 Unknown Date (has links)
法院處理涉外標準必要專利之案件時,經常面臨國際管轄以及準據法適用的問題。涉及議題包含授權契約之成立與效力、專利侵權、違反競爭法等。本文先分析我國涉外民事法律適用法在智慧財產案件上之實務適用情形,認為目前涉外民事法律適用法第42條第1項應僅適用與智慧財產權利內容本身相關之爭議,智慧財產契約或侵權行為案件,則應適用契約與一般侵權行為之選法規則。 其次,本文透過研究日本、中國、韓國、美國、英國等國之標準必要專利案件,探討標準必要專利案件中,標準制定組織的智財權政策與F/RAND承諾,經常約定以標準制定組織所在地法為準據法,因此所生之授權契約爭議與競爭法爭議,包括法院是否有權管轄,以及應該如何適用之準據法。在與F/RAND相關之爭議裡,各國法院鮮少有拒絕管轄的情形。準據法方面,實務上基於當事人意思自主原則,適用標準制定組織之智財權政策與F/RAND承諾之準據法,判斷F/RAND承諾之性質,以及當事人間授權契約是否成立以及其效力為何。競爭法方面,實務上各國皆適用內國競爭法,以決定標準必要專利權人之行為是否濫用其市場地位。 經由比較法與實務案件之分析,本文主張標準必要專利之中基於F/RAND所生之契約爭議,仍應適用標準制定組織之智財權政策與F/RAND承諾中所約定之法律。適用涉外民事法律適用法部分,法院實務判決應更清楚明確定性案件以及適用涉外民事法律適用法之依據與理由,俾使涉外民事法律適用法第42條第1項之意義更為明確。競爭法之部分,由於其強行法規之性質,實務皆適用法庭地法,原則上僅就影響國內市場之涉外行為判斷。此外,就我國立法就智慧財產之國際管轄規定付之闕如,應該針對智慧財產之特殊性增加相關規定。 / In cross-border SEP-related cases, courts often face the problems of international jurisdiction and the choice of law. SEP-realted cases often involve issues such as the nature of the F/RAND declarations and the IPR policies of Standard Setting Organizations (SSOs), the formation and the effect of licensing agreements, and violation of competition law, etc. The thesis starts from the examination of Act Governing the Choice of Law in Civil Matters Involving Foreign Elements in Taiwan. Article 42(1) of the Act should be applied only to the issues related to the content of IP right itself. As for IP infringements and IP-related contracts, the choice of law rules on general infringements and contracts should be applied. Secondly, the thesis further looks into the practice of conflict of law in Japan Korea, PRC, the UK and the US on SEP-related cases, which mostly apply the principle of party autonomy to determine the nature of F/RAND declarations and the nature of SSOs’ IPR policies. As for the competition law argument, based on the mandatory nature of competition law, the court often applied lex fori to the issues. Back to the private international law in Taiwan, the thesis suggests that the court should elaborate more specifically on the process of the court determining the characterization of the case and further deciding the choice of law. Besides, Taiwan should also legislate the law on the international jurisdiction on IP cases.

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