本研究主要以新竹縣國中學生為對象，探討「學生家庭結構及家長社經地位與其學生性別角色」之關係。其中包含國中學生性別角色類型分布與性別角色特質發展情形，及「學生家庭結構與家長社經地位」之各變項與「學生性別角色」之相關性。更著墨於「學生家庭結構與家長社經地位」對「學生性別角色」之影響，藉此提出親職教育及學校教育之建議，以供相關單位之參考。 本研究以問卷調查的方式，以「學生性別角色量表」為施測工具，採非比例分層隨機取樣的方法，抽取新竹縣十三所國民中學一至三年級學生，得有效問卷998份，其中男生525人，女生473人。以SPSS統計套裝軟體進行描述分析、單因子變異數分析、二因子變異數分析及卡方分析等。其獲得的結果如下： 一、國中學生的性別角色特質部分 （一）從年級來看，正向之男性特質與正向之女性特質有隨著年級增加而增長的趨勢。 （二）１.在正向男性特質上 （1）學生性別與子女數在性別角色發展上，對男性特質確有影響存在。 （2）不同學生性別與子女排行對男性特質確有影響存在。 （3）家長屬高社經地位的男女生，其男性特質高於低社經地位者。 （4）不同學生家庭類型與家長社經地位對男性特質確實產生影響。 （5）因子女數與家長社經地位之不同而有交互作用。 （6）因子女排行與家長社經地位之不同而有交互作用。 ２.在正向女性特質上 （1）因子女數與家長社經地位之不同而有交互作用。 （2）因子女排行與家長社經地位之不同而有交互作用。 （三）在「性別」為重要因子的前提下，子女數、子女排行、家長的社經地位及家庭類型的交互作用下，均對性別角色特質產生決定性的影響。 二、國中學生性別角色類型部分 （一）國中學生性別角色類型分化情形，會因「年級」或「性別」或「家庭類型」或「子女數」或「家長社經地位」的不同而有差異。 （二）國中學生性別角色類型未因子女排行而有顯者著差異。 （三）對於國中學生性別角色類型影響較大者（主要因素）分別為性別、年級及家長社經地位，其次要因素為家庭類型與子女數 （四）在性別角色類型分化上，性別是分化的主因。隨著年級的增加，性別角色類型也產生較多的「兩性化」，「未分化」的比例在各年級間的差異不大。 （五）在性別角色類型分化上，男女生在國中階段依然存在著男女性別角色偏向。 本研究根據研究結果提出建議，以提供親職教育、學校教育及未來研究者之參考。 / The subjects of this study are the students from the junior high schools in Hsinchu, Taiwan. The study deals mainly with the mutual relationship among the structures of students’ family , the social and economic status of parents, and the sex-role of the students, including the current sex-role types and the development of sex-role characteristics. It also deals with the relationship between all the different factors in the structures of the students’ family and the social and economic status of their parents, and students’ sex role. The influence of the structure of the students’ family, the social and economic status of their parents and the sex-role of the students are much emphasized in this study. This study leads to the suggestions concerned parental guidance and school education, and provides referential information for educational administration. The data in this study are mainly based on questionnaires. And “student sex-role inventory” is used as measurement tool. A separate layer random collection sampling method has been used to draw out 998 valid surveys ( 525 males and 473 females) from the first to the third grade students at thirteen different junior high schools in Hsinchu County. After this a SPSS ( Statistical Package for Social Science ) was used to run descriptive statistics-- one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and Chi-Square analysis. And the results are as following: A. Characteristics of junior high school student sex-roles I. As far as grade is concerned, positive male and female characteristics are much related with their age, that is, they become obvious as their age increases. II-1. Positive male characteristics: (1) The students’ sex and the number of siblings in the development of sex-role have much influence on male characteristics. (2) Different sexes of the students and seniority among siblings have much influence on male characteristics. (3) Students whose parents have high social and economic status have more male characteristics. (4) Different types of the students’ family and social and economic status of their parents have obvious effects on student’s male characteristics. (5) The different numbers of siblings and the social and economic status of students’ parents have much influence mutually on male characteristics. (6) The seniority of the students in their family and the social and economic status of students’ parents have much influence mutually on male characteristics . II-2 On the Positive Female Characteristics (1) The interaction between the different numbers of siblings and the social and economic status of students’ parents is quite obvious. (2) The interaction between seniority among siblings plays an influential role in students. III. As the premise of sex being the prime factors, sibling numbers, seniority of the children, social and economic status of parents and family types have strong influence on the quality of sex-role. B.Types of sex-role of Junior High School Students: I. The types of sex-role of junior high school students are decided by students’ sex , grade, family types, the number of siblings, and the social and economic status of their parents. II.The seniority among siblings do not much affect the sex-role of the students. III.The major factors that form the sex-role of the students are sex and grade of the students and social and economic status of their parents. The minor factors are family types and the number of siblings . IV. Sex is the main reason for the division of sex-role types. As the grade level of the students getting higher, sex-role types become androgynous. Undifferentiated ratio among different grades is not great. V.In respect to sex-role types, both males and females carry tendencies towards their respective sex-role types. The suggestions based on the study are raised here to be used for further study in school education and parental guidance.