西湖既依附於杭州而隨之發展，則杭州在整個宋代的歷史轉變（由北宋時期的南方都會轉而成為南宋時期的全國首都）必深深影響了兩者間關係在宋代的發展，而其間發展的歷程更值得進一步的審視。本文乃擬自此一角度出發，分別從三個面向來討論西湖與杭州之關係在宋代的的發展。 西湖對於杭州在水利民生上的重要性顯是二者關係的基礎。僅以水資源而言，城市所在地區能提供的生產和生活用水，制約著城市的發展規模， 易言之，杭州城之所以存在，乃至於能夠成為南宋的首都，西湖水所提供的民生、經濟功能正是最基本的條件之一。因此，要了解宋代西湖與杭州間的緊密關係，杭州城民生水利上對西湖的倚賴乃是最為基礎的入口。 其次，西湖之所以名聞遐邇，最主要的便是其湖山美景。闕維民指出在杭州的發展歷史中，西湖與杭州城區乃是相輔相成的兩個有機組成部分。城區是杭州的人文載體，而西湖則是杭州城市的自然載體，人文與自然的水乳交融構成了杭州的誘人魅力。 由此可知，西湖麗景的聞名實與杭州的發展有著極為密切的關係。因此，要了解宋代西湖遊賞之風的盛行，便須從宋代杭州歷史發展的角度著眼。 最後，伴隨著西湖在宋代成為重要遊賞勝地而來的另一影響，便是西湖在宋代文學作品中愈形常見。所有的文學藝術樣式均是社會文化活動的產物，是某一特定社會文化生活的載體， 因此以西湖為題詠對象的文學作品必然在一定程度上反映出其時西湖與杭州間關係的現況。雖然西湖與杭州之間的聯繫在這一方面的呈現或者無法如水利民生或遊賞等方面明顯可見，但是這樣的關係卻是基於上述水利民生及遊賞等面向衍生而出的。故要了解宋代西湖與杭州間的緊密關係，則宋代的西湖題詠作品將是不可忽視的重要線索。

本文主要針對清代杭州城一棟性質在天后宮與天主堂之間多次轉化的宗教建築，探討其對清代杭州城社會生活與公共空間的影響。 / 除緒論、結論外，全文共包括四章。緒論介紹論文結構，並簡單梳理近來中國城市史研究的進展和相關議題。另外，在緒論中特別提到了韓書瑞（SusanNaquin）關於廟宇與明清北京城市歷史與生活的專著。此書透過宗教建築的變遷和作為城市公共場所的功能來看其對城市歷史的反映以及對城市生活的影響，對本文的研究視角和取徑產生了重要的指導作用。 / 第一章介紹清代杭州城內政治、經濟與宗教文化等不同區位的形成以及城市管理概況，以說明數座天后宮在杭州城內原本坐落的不同位置以及其後的主要變化。第二章以明末清初到雍正八年之間天主教在杭州的發展歷史為線索，介紹杭州天主堂的建立以及之後因為禁教而改做武林門天后宮的背景，藉以分梳政府宗教政策以及地方宗教管理實務之間的複雜互動。第三章探究武林門天后宮在雍正八年以後的發展，並特別著重討論官員、文人與紳商家族的各種互動關係。第四章討論由鴉片戰爭到太平天國軍隊撤離杭州的道光、咸豐、同治期間，武林門天后宮如何又在戰爭與外交局勢變動過程中而再回天后宮改為天主堂的歷史。結論強調：基於宗教建築不斷變化其性質、功能、以及在城市公共生活中扮演的不同角色，人們可以從中了解國家的對內與對外政策以及地方行政管理如何實際影響著城市的面貌，而變化的城市面貌，又將影響城市的歷史與公共生活。 / This thesis examines the urban history of Qing dynasty Hangzhou by closely analyzing the religious architecture of one Tianhou temple and one Catholic Church. This examination summarizes the evolution of these features and offers some thoughts on the influence that those changes made to social life and public spaces in Hangzhou. / Apart from the introduction and conclusion, this thesis consists of four chapters. The introduction briefly reviews works Chinese urban history by scholars from Hong Kong, Taiwan, Mainland China and abroad. It then surveys the types of historical material used in the project. In particular, it reviews the contributions in Susan Naquin’s work on Beijing’stemples in Ming and Qing China as a major source of inspiration for the perspective taken in this work, as it draws upon Naquin’s perspective on religious architecture as a part of a city’s public space in order to combine an analysis on social life and urban history. / The first chapter discusses the history of Hangzhou’s administration and its political, economic, cultural and religious development in the Qing Dynasty. It then outlines the history of the locations and major changes to the Tianhou temples dedicated to the goddess Mazu throughout the city. / The second chapter begins at the end of Ming Dynasty and ends in 1730. Over this period of time, Catholicism became more popular in Hangzhou, and people built a glamorous Catholic church in the city. In 1730, provincial governor Liwei turned Hangzhou Catholic Church into the Wulin Men (the Gate of Wulin) Tianhou temple because of the Yongzheng Emperor’s prohibition of Catholicism. The case study in this chapter allows the author an opportunity to discuss the complicated interaction between governmental religious policy and local administration. / Chapter three concerns the development of Wulin Men Tianhou temple in the following century. This chapter pays special attention to the interaction of local government officials, literati, and gentry-merchant families. / Chapter four covers wars and changing diplomatic situations happened from the Opium War to the early years of the Tongzhi Reign. This chapter relates the lifting of the taboo on Catholicism in the late Qing and the transformation of the Wulin Men Tianhou temple back into a church. / The conclusion emphasizes: From the changing nature of religious buildings, as well as attention to its shifting functions and roles in urban life, one may understand something about how the internal and external policies of the government combined in local administration and development. This perspective can change our perspective on our city, which will in turn influence its history and public life. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 楊歌. / Parallel title from English abstract. / Thesis (M.Phil.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-158). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Yang Ge.

Contemporary labor social security is an important social institution established to combat risks of human life under urbanization. It has close connection with the mass rural-urban migration in the process of industrialization. Since the 1980s reform and open door in China, huge number of peasants has crowded to the cities looking for jobs. This has created the ever largest migration movement in human history and posed grave challenges to the existing labor social security system. On the basis of a comprehensive review of the legal documents and field interviews in the city of Hangzhou, an attempt was made in this study to review the evolution and the practice of rules and regulations relating to the labor social security, analyze the causes of the labor social security rights deprivation, and explore the social inclusion strategies from developmental welfare perspective. / The findings suggest that: (1) The migrant workers have now enjoyed the same basic labor social security rights as the urban workers in terms of rules and regulations; (2) The deficiency of the labor protection in practice is mainly the consequences of the distorted social development: the surplus supply of labor market, the transformation of labor social security system, the problem of the rules and regulations and their executions; (3) Developmental welfare strategies in terms of human and social capital investment help the migrant workers improve their position in the labor market and get access to labor social security; and (4) Apart from implementing developmental welfare strategies, the positive discrimination policy should be endorsed in order to achieve the aim of the wellness of social development and change the disadvantaged position of the migrant workers. / This study takes social development theory as the core concept, and regards the social exclusion of labor social security as the result of distorted social development, and proposes a policy orientation that combines developmentalism and positive discrimination. The study not only overcomes the limit of developmental welfare theory which pays emphasis on long-term goals and neglects immediate aids, but also promotes the realization of labor social security rights from both its consequences and causes. / 方巍. / 呈交日期: 2006年12月. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2007. / 參考文獻(p. 266-311). / Cheng jiao ri qi: 2006 nian 12 yue. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-08, Section: A, page: 3616. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2007. / Can kao wen xian (p. 266-311). / Fang Wei.