土耳其於1952年透過北大西洋公約組織的框架與美國建立同盟關係，在這層合作關係下，土耳其內部卻存在著非常濃厚的反美主義。本研究的目的之一即了解此合作關係下為何存在反美主義情形。研究採用文獻分析法，同時蒐集美國、土耳其智庫民意研究數據，描述土耳其反美主義之變動情形，與了解土耳其對美國之認知。 本研究首先討論何謂反美主義與柔性平衡，並回顧冷戰至歐巴馬時期的土耳其-美國雙邊關係。研究發現土耳其國內在小布希與歐巴馬時期中仍有強烈反美主義之存在，且土耳其國內對威脅的認知與美國不同。本文選用伊拉克戰爭與聯合國安全理事會1929號決議為個案，說明土耳其在反美情緒下之柔性平衡。在國內層次擁有反美主義的狀態下，土國政治菁英需要回應民意需求，因此政府有誘因選擇在國際層次上柔性平衡美國，作為國內層次上民意壓力之宣洩口。將來國際間中等國家對美國的柔性平衡是否增加，甚至形成一集團平衡美國，為未來研究可關注的焦點。 / U.S.-Turkey alliance started from 1952 through the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. With this cooperative relationship, however, the existence of Anti-Americanism atmosphere in Turkey was high. One of the research purpose of this study was to realize how this partnership and Anti-American sentiment could coexist. In order to understand this condition, Document Analysis has been used to this study. Also, American and Turkish think-tanks’ public opinion researches served as a description to describe changes in Turkish Anti-Americanism and an illustration to illustrate the perceptions of Turkey. This study first discusses what are “Anti-Americanism” and “Soft Balancing”. It then reviews Turkish-American relations from the Cold War to Obama period. This study finds that in Bush and Obama years, strong Anti-American sentiment still existed in Turkey. Moreover, the two countries have very different perceptions of external threats. The Iraq War and United Nations Security Council Resolution No.1929 are case studies in this thesis. It elaborates how Turkey “soft balance” United States in the international level while strong Anti-American sentiments were intense in domestic level. The middle powers’ soft balancing strategies or the emergence of a potential Anti-U.S. alliance could be research hotspots to focus on in the future.