本文係從與考績相關理論之探討著眼，研究我國公務人員考績制度的問題，希能透過理論的啟迪，歸納出理想型考績制度的模式、中心思想、指導原則及考績制度應達成之目標與功能，俾作為改進現行考績制度之指南。在現行考績制度之檢討上，本文除對現制作一說明外，為瞭解現制形成的原因，故摘要比較與舊制的關係，以歸納出現制的特色，並剖析其得失與施行的限制，作為改進的依據。復以全國最高人事主管機關--銓敘部曾於八十四年召開全國人事主管會報時，提出擬議修訂考績法的內容，其中固有頗多創見及銳意改革的意圖，惟其主要興革意見並未獲與會各級人事人員支持，仔細研議結果，亦發現若干難以契合之處，爰一併納入討論範圍，希能找出因應的對策。在考績制度的範圍上，為全面瞭解公務人員考核事宜，故本文除將公務人員考績制度納入研討範圍外，亦將若干與公務人員考核有關之人事制度列入討論範圍。最後，根據筆者多年實務經驗及相關理論之研究結果，研提落實考績制度之方向與作法，並於結論中研提具體實施步驟及相關人事制度應遵守之原則，希對公務人員考績制度之健全發展有所裨益。

國內相關兒童安置教養機構離院生之文獻多聚焦於離院生離開安置機構後之自立生活經驗與感受，對於已養兒育女的離院生則未獲相對關注，關於其親職狀況亦尚未有學術研究予以探究。因此，本研究立基於生命歷程理論的個人研究途徑，以質性訪談方式進行資料蒐集，共成功訪談8名目前育有學齡前子女之離院生，對於離院生之親職圖像進行初步之描繪。 研究發現成為親職角色為離院生們帶來了特別的生命意義，離院生們從中體會到「家」的感受，滿足了對於完整家庭的渴望，並找到自我生命的存在感與努力的目標，生命經驗更為豐富與完整。如同多數初為人父母者，親職角色同時也對離院生的個人心理、生活及家人關係都帶來了不少正向或負向的衝擊，離院生之配偶、配偶家人以及朋友在育兒過程中給予的不同支持都對於離院生之親職有所助益，而原生家庭則依然缺席，甚至充滿問題。此外，離院生們早期的生命經驗在其為人父母後仍潛移默化地影響著其親職行為與價值觀，離院生無不希望能給予孩子一個完整的家庭，以父母為借鏡，不願複製父母不理想的親職行為，機構保育員則成為其親職角色之學習模範，安置機構的成長經驗亦使其格外重視子女生活自理能力的培養及良好品格的養成。研究也發現離院生的個人「動能」為決定其親職表現的關鍵因素，離院生們皆選擇積極面對育兒過程中的所有挑戰，努力扮演好自我親職角色，克盡親職，開創了不同於自己父母的親職軌道與生命歷程。另「生育時機」也決定了不同的親職經驗，本研究成年生育離院生之親職經驗明顯較文獻中未成年生育之離院生理想許多，幾乎與一般家庭中成長者之親職經驗相差無幾。依據研究結果與發現，採用生命歷程理論觀點，結合Belsky(1984)親職決定因素過程模式之架構，繪製「離院生生命歷程親職決定因素過程模式」，以對於離院生之親職經驗脈絡能有更綜觀與系統性之理解。 最後，針對研究結果及發現分別就實務工作及未來研究提出相關之建議。 / Current literature on the care leavers from children’s homes focuses mostly on their experiences and feelings about independent life. This study is carried out based on life course theory. In depth interview was employed with eight young adults who had been in residential care for significant periods and who has preschool children . Their parenting image will be represented in this research. The result of this study shows that roles of parents generate a special meaning for the care leavers. As stated in the research, the care leavers experienced the “Family Feeling”, satisfied their yearning for an intact family and found out main purposes of self-existence and the meaning of life. Because of this, their life experience became more enriched and complete. Just as other new parents, the role of parents does make both negative and positive impacts on the care leavers’ individual mentality, their life and their family relationship. During their child rearing, the spouse, family members of the spouse and friends of the care leavers offered advantageous support for their role of parents. Nonetheless, their family-of-origin are still absent, or even lead to other problems. Besides, care leavers’ early life experience still imperceptibly influences their parenting behaviour and values after they became parents. Every one of them would like to give their children an intact family. They don’t want to repeat what their parents have done, so instead, care-taker in the children’s home became their role model. Thanks to having a growing-up experience in the children’s home, they pay more attention to their children the ability of independent life and cultivate great characters. This research also found out that care leavers’ personal ”agency” is the key to parenting demonstration. All the care leavers chose to actively face challenges during child rearing and to play well their own role of parents. In this way, they explored and went through a totally different way of life course than their own parents. In addition, “timing of birth” also decides a variety of parenting experiences. This researcher, by adopting the life course theory perspective, combining Belsky’s(1984) structure of “the process model of the determinants of parenting”, sketches “the life course process model of the determinants of parenting for the care leavers” in a more systematic way. Finally, the research and practice implications are provided.