1 |
在點對點網路上針對串流資料傳播的品質保證 / Quality assurance of streaming data dissemination over p2p network邱威中, Chiu, Wei Chung Unknown Date (has links)
網路技術發展的日新月異帶領了眾多新網路服務的崛起,例如即時影音串流這類的多媒體服務。但即時影音串流服務所產生的龐大資料流和傳輸延遲時間的嚴格限制也隨之而來的為網路環境帶來許多挑戰,在這些條件下,傳統Server-client拓樸架構將client要求的影音資料以單一鏈結傳輸時,常會因為頻寬不足而面臨嚴重的封包遺失,或是資料流擁擠造成的額外傳輸延遲使得封包無法達到即時性的需求。P2P網路擁有server-client架構所難以達到的規模伸縮性,且對於節點、鏈結失效所引起的傳輸錯誤也較能容忍,更重要的是,它有效的分散了原本負載在少數link上的龐大資料流。因此P2P架構近年來風行於即時影音串流服務。
目前P2P網路的拓樸多是隨意形成,當網路成員規模龐大時,由傳送端出發到遠方的接收端,途中可能經過無數的鏈結,每一個鏈結都會由於頻寬的不足使得資料流遭受某種程度的品質損害,另一方面,對即時影音服務而言,若資料流的累積延遲時間超出可容忍範圍時,無法為使用者接受。
本研究嘗試找出一個較好的拓樸用以傳輸多媒體資料流,使得位於最遠端節點的累積延遲亦能為使用者接受,且資料品質的損害程度最小。我們將之建置成一NP-Complete複雜度的問題模型,名為MLDST。而解法則是修改Dijkstra single-source shortest-path演算法,並加上每個節點承擔下游節點數量及延遲時間限制而來。我們以PlanetLab環境在實際的網路上進行實驗,證實我們的演算法比傳統的Minimum-Spanning Tree及shortest path spanning tree有更好的影像品質。 / Numerous new network services arise with the advanced development of network technologies, such as real-time multimedia streaming services. But challenges to network environment come along with the enormous traffic of data flows and rigorous restriction to transmission delay of real-time multimedia streaming services. Under this circumstance, conventional server-client topology suffers from serious packet loss and packet delay due to the overload of servers and their accessing links. Also, extra transmission delay may make packets fail to meet the requirement of real-timed services. Peer-to-peer network is more scalable than server-client model, and is much more tolerable to the transmission errors caused by node or link failures. More importantly, it effectively distributes load from the server to peers. As a consequence, peer-to-peer service architecture becomes very popular for real-time multimedia streaming services recently.
Peer-to-peer networks are mostly formed in random fashion. As the size of network grows, packets may have to travel through numerous links to reach far-end receivers. The quality of data may be damaged by insufficient bandwidth of links. For real-time multimedia services, it is not acceptable to users if the cumulated packet delay exceeds a tolerable limit.
Our research is trying to find a better topology to transmit multimedia data flows which makes the cumulated delay of the most-far-end user be tolerable and the damage of data quality is minimized. The problem is modeled as a MLDST problem, which is a NP-Complete problem. To solve the problem, we modified Dijkstra’s single-source shortest-path algorithm by bounding the node degree and adding delay constraint. The experiments were carried out on real network environment through PlanetLab. Experiments show that our algorithm outperforms traditional MST and shortest path spanning tree.
|
2 |
藉由小世界股票網路探索不同景氣區間的差異性 / Exploring economy-realated differences by small-world stock networks邱建堯, Chiu, Chien Yao Unknown Date (has links)
股票市場對投資者而言是以極大化自有資產為目的,因此如何辨別不同景氣區間對股市的影響為投資者感興趣的議題。傳統上,使用統計資料來幫助我們比較不同景氣區間之差異,然而股票市場之複雜、非線性及不可預測性也經常成為各統計資料失準的關鍵,因此,本篇論文以複雜網路作為分析股票市場之模型,並將各個股票表示成節點、股價變化之關聯性作為連結下,建立出複雜網路,藉此探討股市中的景氣差異。
在本研究中,先利用國發會制定的景氣對策信號,來幫助我們選取四段景氣區間,接著將台積電作為網路核心建構個股的相關網路。並以最小生成樹(Minimum Spanning Tree) 將複雜的股票網路簡單化。同時我們計算出各股相關網路之全域網路參數(Global Network Parameters)及區域網路參數(Regional Network Parameters),以利我們討論兩段景氣好區間與兩段景氣差區間之差異。最後,我們將股市相關網路以分層樹(Hierarchical Tree)來表示,以了解網路分群的結果。
結果顯示,我們建構的個股相關網路符合小世界網路特性,在全域網路參數中,景氣好相關網路之常規化平均特徵路徑(Normalization Average Characteristic Path Length)及景氣差相關網路中之平均群聚係數(Average Clustering Coefficient)、平均特徵路徑(Average Characteristic Path Length)、常規化平均特徵路徑(Normalization Average Characteristic Path Length)有顯著差異。
在區域網路參數中,在景氣好相關網路中,被選為網路樞紐並有顯著差異之個股有台達化、宜進與華通,景氣差相關網路則有瑞利、日月光、矽品及萬企。在景氣好相關網路比較時,台積電的連結度與點效率皆具有顯著差異。
|
Page generated in 0.0184 seconds