近年來，有機農業在世界各地形成一種共同文化，主要是人們受到1960年代後綠色革命引入化學農業之影響，而使有機農業也漸漸成為全球在產食文化的新趨勢。台灣也於1996年正式推廣有機農業工作，啟動了台灣有機農業的時代。然而在這波趨勢下，原住民族在發展有機農業上卻面臨許多障礙，而無法順利轉型有機農業。如今，部落不僅要面對部落發展的課題，同時當有機農業做為部落發展的新趨勢時，族人又該如何突破有機農業或自然農業發展之困境，開創出部落發展的新局呢？ 本論文以新竹縣尖石鄉泰雅族石磊部落為研究個案，個案結合民族知識的自然農業經驗，在當代社會中為罕見之農法，被媒體報導為台灣獨一無二之農法，而引起國內外研究者和農夫的關注，並在當代農業的社會中脫穎而出，成為有機與自然農業發展的重要指標。因此，本研究運用「行動研究」與「民族誌研究方法」的結合，透過自然農業的推廣和部落服務的具體行動，以及參與觀察、深度訪談、焦點團體等方法，來探討石磊部落在不同時期農業變遷之問題，並從歷史脈絡中重新探究傳統農業對當代社會的意義，以及探討部落如何透過基督宗教的力量，來發展出結合民族知識的自然農法經驗，這些知識如何對當代有機農業或部落發展的概念上提供那些重要的啟發。 本研究結果顯示，石磊部落結合民族知識的新興自然農業，透過教會、聖靈的支持，部落領袖和家族組織的力量，將舊有的知識調整為新的知識，而發展出創新的農法，回應了原住民族知識改變現代有機或自然農業的事實，並且在農業生產知識上超越了國家機器的宰制。同時，透過個案部落的經驗，為當代部落發展工作的經驗提供重要之建議，為國家政府以及原住民族日後推動有機農業和部落發展政策的重要參考。 / Recently, organic agriculture has become a worldwide trend. This trend is affected by the Green Revolution in 1960s, which made organic agriculture became an innovative productive pattern. In Taiwan, even though organic agriculture had been officially promoted in 1996, it’s always very difficult for Indigenous people to transfer from conventional agriculture to organic agriculture. In nowadays, Indigenous communities are not only face the issues related to development, but also try to break through the dilemma of agricultural transformation. Thus, it’s urgent to seek the solution of above issues. This research is a case study of a settlement of Tayal people– Quri community. The natural agriculture in Quri community integrate indigenous knowledge and organic agriculture and attracted domestic and international researchers and farmers. This research use action research and ethnography as research methods, which includes participatory observation, focus groups interviews and in-depth interviews. This study aims to explore: (1) the agricultural transformation in Quri community; (2) the meaning of traditional agriculture in contemporary society; (3) how Quri community be inspired by Christianity to develop natural agriculture; (4) how natural agriculture facilitate development of organic agriculture and Indigenous community. The research outcomes show that the natural agriculture in Quri community, which integrate with Indigenous knowledge and be supported by Christianity, community leaders and clans, is an innovative agricultural pattern. Integrating Indigenous knowledge in natural agriculture shows that Indigenous knowledge is able to change organic agriculture and produce a new discourse of knowledge production. In the meanwhile, this case study also provide decisive experiences to present Indigenous communities’ development and government’s future agricultural policies.

原住民族、土地利用、農業與部落發展具有密切關係，並受到族人土地觀、社會經濟環境與政府政策等諸多內外因素所影響。 　　過去以來，主流社會常將山林環境災害歸諸於高山地區不當的土地利用，導致原住民在高山地區進行農業活動受到諸多法令規章限制。政府近年來致力推廣造林與部落觀光事業，以期防止山林環境惡化、滿足國人休閒需求與將經濟效益引至部落，惟部分舉措因未適切於族人普遍經濟能力、在地就業需求與對部落發展之想望，恐無益部落永續發展。 　　為進一步理解原住民族農地利用與部落發展相關課題，本文提出以下課題：一、高山農地利用是否必然造成環境災害問題？二、影響原住民族農業進行的跨尺度網絡為何？該網絡如何提供部落發展農業與增進土地利用之實質助益？再以新竹縣尖石鄉石磊部落作為研究對象進行實證分析，透過參與式觀察與文獻回顧等研究方法，兼以Leopold土地倫理與Adger跨尺度網絡理論，探討石磊部落族人推展有機與自然農業時之轉型歷程與內涵，並分析各項跨尺度網絡要素的關連性互動。 　　最終，本研究認為，倘原住民族農地利用能兼顧環境保護、經濟效率與社會公平，也能帶給部落具有主體性的發展實益，則外界應毋須再以災難眼光相待，反應思考如何從部落角度，協助原住民族實踐更友善於環境的農地利用，以發揮農地多功能利用之特性，並促使部落朝向兼顧環境及經濟的永續發展。 / There are close associations among tribe developments, indigenous peoples, land-utilization, and agriculture. Many internal and external factors such as indigenous peoples’ intellections of land, social economics environment, and government’s policies influence tribe development as well. 　　For the past few decades, mainstream society usually have attributed forest environmental emergency to inappropriate land utilization in mountain regions and it caused aborigines to be confined by many laws and regulations when undergoing agriculture activities in mountain regions. For the past few years, the government has dedicated to promoting forestation and tribe tourism to avoid worsening of the forest environments as well as to satisfy the leisure demands of country people and to bring economic benefits to the tribes. Nevertheless, parts of initiatives may not help the sustainable development of the tribes since neglecting the average economics ability of indigenous peoples, demands of local employments, and visions of tribe development. 　　To further understand related issues about farmland utilization and tribe development of the indigenous peoples, this research proposed the following issues. The first issue is whether farmland utilization of mountain regions inevitably causes environmental emergency. And the second issue is to analyze what is the cross-scale networks in resource co-management that influence agricultures of indigenous peoples and how this network provides real benefits to tribe development and improvement of land utilization. Then we took Shi-Lei indigenous community of Jienshih Township in Hsinchu County as a case study to undergo empirical analyses. Through research method such as participant observation and literature reviews as well as Leopold’s land ethics theory and Adger’s cross-scale networks in resource co-management theory, we analyzed the transformed experiences and contents of organic and natural agriculture developed by Shi-Lei indigenous people. Also, we analyzed the related interactions of each element in cross-scale networks. 　　Finally, this research supposes that if indigenous peoples’ farmland utilization can well consider in every aspect of environment protection, economics efficiency, society justice, and bringing real development benefits with subjectivity to the tribe, other people should not link the farmland utilization to potential natural disasters. On the contrary, we should stand in the view of tribes to consider how to help indigenous peoples to reach more eco-friendly farmland utilization. By developing more eco-friendly farmland utilization, farmland can display multi-function characteristics to promote tribes’ sustainable development that give consideration to both environment protection and economics.