逆物流(reverse logistics)代表了將使用過的產品從消費者手上收回、並將此資源重新在市場上再利用的一連串物流活動。其配送成本往往比正向物流高，對於回送之產品，在運送、儲存、處理、管理方面亦無規律通路，較正向供應鏈增加許多的複雜性和不確定性，企業往往選擇將逆向物流之活動外包給專業物流服務商。 / 對逆向物流服務商來說，既以營利為目標，便有營運範疇內法規、利潤、運輸成本、營運成之考量。過去逆向物流方面之研究主題，多以逆向供應鏈上的廠址設置為主，本研究針對同時具有多個處理廠的逆物流服務供應商進行探討，建立適合的營運模式，考慮多時期、多個逆物流處理廠、多種型態的退回商品，建立一數量決策模式，以逆物流服務商的最大營運利潤為目標，探討逆物流之下的最適合再生物料接受訂單數量、以及個別逆物流處理中心之最適合當期處理量，考慮可能因退回商品回收量之不確定性、處理產出比率的不確定性影響處理廠之中再生物料的實際產量。對於模式當中的不確定因子，本研究建構以情境為基礎的穩健最佳化之模式求得穩健解。 / Reverse logistics reflects a serial of activities including collecting return products from consumers, recycling, reusing, and reducing the amount of materials used. Implementing reverse logistics is complicated and costs more than forward logistics to a firm. Furthermore, there is not a regular way to handle those transportation, storage, processing and management process. In order to reduce cost and focus on core business, industries choose to outsource those processes to third-party reverse logistics provider. / Previous literatures used to focus on the topic of facility location allocation or designing the infrastructure of reverse logistics distribution channels. From a reverse logistics provider perspective, this research concerned about the operational profit of the reverse logistics service provider who has multiple collection sites and refurbishing processing facilities. This research attempts to maximum the net-profit and presents a multi-period, multiple processing facilities, and multi-type return products to optimize the solution of the quantity of processing return products in each refurbishing processing facilities and the quantity of used material ordered by industries. The formulation uses a scenario-based robust optimization approach to solve those uncertainty factors such as the volume of product collection, the usage rate of return product in this model.

隨著產品生命週期的縮短，大量的廢棄物對人類生存環境開始造成威脅，各國開始正視廢棄物管理的議題，紛紛立法來規範廢棄物的回收管理。企業為了成本、企業形象、法律規定等因素開始將逆物流(reverse logistic)納入其營運規劃。但在逆物流資訊難以取得以及具備大量的不確定因素下，許多企業選擇將逆物流外包給專業的逆物流業者，以專注在其核心能力之上。 在單純的外包模式下，企業時常面臨回收商無法穩定供給再生物料之問題，若再生物料使用比率無法達到法規要求，則需繳納高額的回收規費，部分企業甚至以新產品分解為新再生物料來補足再生物料短缺以迴避高額的回收規費；回收商則會面臨企業再生物料需求數量不穩定或是數量不足，單次運輸成本大幅提高，使其表現出只願回收退回商品取得回收補貼，但不分解販售再生物料，而是堆放退回商品於集散處的傾向。 本研究提出一綜合回收商及製造商之緊密營運模式，考量連續時期、利潤共享的條件下，建立一數量決策模型，以整體利潤最大化為目標，探討不穩定因素下之每期穩健再生物料分配決策。因應大環境之不穩定因素，將以建構情境為基礎之穩健最佳化模式求得穩健解。 / In recent year, enterprises consider reverse logistic in their processing because of cost, corporate image and government policy. But there are lots of uncertainty factors in the reverse logistic, in order to focus on enterprise’s professional skills, more and more enterprises outsource their reverse logistics. Both enterprise and professional reverse logistic processor have to spend more costs to keep their cooperation in recent outsourcing model. Thus, this thesis builds a model which combine enterprise's business model and professional reverse logistic processor's business model. In this model, assumes that profit should be share between both of them, and apply Robust optimization methods to solve uncertainty factors in reverse logistic. The thesis finds out the best distribution ratio of regeneration materials in each period.