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立法委員在老人福利政策上的立法參與 / Legislators' participation in the welfare policy of the elderly林頴柔, Lin, Yin Jou Unknown Date (has links)
近年來台灣整體人口結構老化,在1993年進入高齡化社會後,預估即將在2018年邁入高齡社會,老人相關的福利政策的制訂與規劃已是刻不容緩,立法委員作為國家的立法者,在這當中的角色不容小覷。在這樣的社會環境與期待之下,立法委員在老人福利政策上會如何參與,其參與又是受到甚麼因素的影響?這是本研究試圖回答的研究問題。由於立法委員的提案,會是較能夠代表立委自身立場,且較能讓選民看見的立法表現,因此選擇觀察立法委員的提案表現來做為其立法參與之代表。本研究透過分析第七、第八屆立委在老人福利相關政策中的提案表現,企圖透過量化統計的方式,輔以質性資料補充說明,以勾勒出台灣立法委員在老人相關福利政策中的參與情形,並試圖找出影響立法委員展現出不同參與表現的因素。
本研究發現,立法委員在老人福利相關政策上的參與表現,會受到提案類型之不同而受到不同因素的影響。在救助津貼類提案中,立法委員的提案強度主要受到選區因素之影響,而在福利服務與社會保險類提案中,則是受到了立委個人專業背景與政黨因素之影響。整體而言,立法委員在老人福利相關政策之提案參與積極程度,會受到選區、政黨與立委個人專業背景的影響,呈現出多重因素影響之情形。
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立法委員的選區考量與立法參與:以農業法案為例 / Constituency Thinking and Legislative Participation by Legislators: The Case of Agricultural Bills陳進郁, Chen, Jinn Yuh Unknown Date (has links)
立法委員因連任動機及選區壓力,使國會議場的立法參與成為選區服務的延伸。立委會將陳情民眾的意見轉化為法律提案,以便向選民宣稱功勞;為展現立法績效,並會以「搭便車」或「加碼」等方式,積極追逐立法數量。若立委選區的立場,與政黨政策方向不一致,立委可能以「切割」立場、表達異議的肢體語言,向選民表態。立委或政黨雙方各自堅持立場,甚至政黨以黨紀懲罰,仍是另一種形式的妥協,立委也藉此免於選民究責。原則上,雙方會權衡得失,在政黨包容立委選區的壓力下,避免完全撕裂關係。
本文以農業法案為例,用意在分析農業區與非農業區立委,於農業立法參與度的差異。觀察對象從立法院第一屆增額立委時期至第七屆,參與度的測量針對首提案、共同提案及發言次數累加,但考慮提案的付出相對較高,故予以加權計算。統計結果,農業區立委相對於非農業區、民進黨相較於其他政黨,在農業立法參與度比較高,國民黨則是黨際競爭激烈的農業區立委較積極。此外,第二屆的國會全面改選及第七屆選制改為單一選區,對立法參與度皆有顯著影響。
在方法的運用上,本研究測量農業立法參與度,以量化(立法紀錄編碼)為主,並藉質性資料(公報、報紙、訪談)輔助解釋。立委因選區考量促成的行為態樣,包括競逐立法績效及突顯異議立場的分析,則以質性資料的案例檢證為主,且以數據資料輔助佐證。 / Legislative participation in congress by legislators who want reelection and feel pressure from constituency is extension of servicing constituents. Legislators propose bills that transform from petitions of constituents in order to claim credit, and propose more bills to raise legislative performance by “free riding” and “raising the stakes.” Besides, legislators may “segment” position or express objection to conforming constituency if legislators and their party have different opinions. At this situation, legislators and their party maybe stand each position or party enforces punishment to maintain discipline that is another compromise, and legislators can avoid charge from constituency. In principle, party will tolerate legislators who feel pressure from constituency and each will avoid to tear both sides.
The dissertation applies case of agricultural bills aims to compare degree of legislative participation in agricultural and non-agricultural district. The range of observation is from First(additional members) to Seventh Legislative Yuan. The degree to measure include first and joint proposal, speaking. However, the proposals had weighted for more devotion than speaking. As a result of statistics, legislators’ degree in agricultural district was more high than non-agricultural, DPP’s degree was more high than other party, and KMT legislators in marginal agricultural district still actively participate in legislation. Furthermore, the Second’s democratization and the Seventh’s single member district had more influence on legislative participation.
In research methods, the degree to measure legislative participation in agricultural bills mainly applies quantitative analysis(to code legislative records). Further, legislative behavior of raising legislative performance and standing objection position mainly applies qualitative analysis(bulletin, newspaper, interview).
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