過去對於國會中政黨的研究，多限於探討政黨體制的制度面，或偏重於從國會議員的角度闡述政黨對國會議員行為的影響力，本研究則是試圖突顯政黨身為動態立法過程中的重要政治行動者，必須採取各種行動與策略，整合自身成員的力量，與他黨進行立法聯合互動，以達成特定目標。 本研究主張政黨在進行各種立法聯合時，乃以其選民基礎及其在特定議題上的立場為主要考量，同時在面對實際立法情境時，亦須將因政黨本身資源有限所導致的立法限制，及政黨為表現善意或獲取自身利益而與其他政黨進行立法交換等因素一併加以考量，如此方能更精準地推估立法聯合的可能情況，並完整地描繪出政黨在多元動態的立法過程中所扮演的政治行動者角色。研究結果顯示，政黨在各類法案上確實受上述因素影響而出現不同的立法聯合狀態，如：大陸定位問題類法案即因其涉及的選民基礎及特定議題相當明確，而每呈國新兩黨與民進黨對立的局面。 本研究以政黨的選民基礎與在特定議題上的立場此兩項政黨的基本考量，連結政黨在選舉中的競爭態勢與其在國會中的立法聯合表現，彌補過去研究較少論及國會中政黨競爭的缺憾，有助於對政黨競爭互動的實際情況進行更全面、連貫且深入的瞭解與詮釋。 / Most previous studies on congressional parties concentrate either on institutions of party system, or on the effects that a party could have on individual legislators' behavior, predominantly from the legislators' aspect. However, this research aims to emphasize that the parties are the important political actors in the dynamic legislative process, during which they must adopt some valid actions and strategies, integrate their members' strength, and form legislative coalitions with other parties in order to reach particular political goals. When parties form legislative coalitions, they must consider their bases of constituents and their positions in particular issues. At the same time, they must consider the legislative restrictions caused by their limited resources and the possible legislative exchange with other parties in order to show their benevolence or to accomplish their self-interest goals. The author strongly believes that this is an appropriate method through which people may get a whole picture of the role that the parties play in the complex and dynamic legislative process. The research findings show that the bill categories influenced by the factors stated above as to have different styles of legislative coalitions. For instance, when a bill concerning the status of China is raised, the legislative coalition of the KMT, aligning with the New Party, against the DPP is ineluctable, because their bases of constituents and their positions in particular issues are clear and definite. This research is based on two major considerations of the parties：their bases of constituents and their positions in particular issues. The research furthermore uses these two considerations to connect competitive circumstances of parties in the elections and the legislative coalitions in the legislature. It may help to unravel and interpret the real situations of party competition completely, coherently, and profoundly.