摘要 本研究旨在瞭解國民小學學校型態實驗教育的創新經營、組織效能與校長領導行為之內涵與現況，探討其關係，進而建構與驗證三者之互動模式，最後依據研究結果提出建議。本研究採用文件分析與調查研究法，以台灣地區105學年度公辦公營之國民小學學校型態實驗教育學校教師為研究對象，總共發出335份問卷，問卷回收率為91.94%，有效問卷則為89.55%。正式問卷回收後，分別以描述性統計、獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關以及結構方程模式等統計方法進行分析。 依據研究結果與分析歸納，獲得結論如下： 一、國民小學學校型態實驗教育在學校創新經營現況呈現中高程度發展。 二、國民小學學校型態實驗教育在學校組織效能現況呈現中高程度發展。 三、國民小學學校型態實驗教育在校長領導行為現況呈現中高程度發展。 四、在國民小學學校型態實驗教育之教育人員的背景變項中， 不同職務、校長在該校服務年資、不同學校規模等，在創新經營得分之差異達顯著水準。 五、在國民小學學校型態實驗教育之教育人員的背景變項中， 不同職務、校長在該校服務年資、不同學校規模等，在學校組織效能得分之差異達顯著水準。 六、在國民小學學校型態實驗教育之教育人員的背景變項中，不同服務年資、不同職務、校長在該校服務年資、不同學校規模等，在校長領導行為得分之差異達顯著水準。 七、整體學校創新經營與整體學校組織效能間呈顯著的正相關，且與「學生學習」及「學生展能」之相關程度最高。 八、整體校長領導行為與整體學校組織效能間呈顯著的正相關，且與「行政領導」及「控制」之相關程度最高。 九、整體校長領導行為與整體學校創新經營間呈顯著的正相關，且與「行政管理」及「控制」之相關程度最高。 十、學校創新經營透過校長領導行為影響學校組織效能，校長領導行為具有部分中介效果。 本研究根據以上結論，提出相關建議，俾供主管教育行政機關、學校教育人員及後續研究之參考。 / Abstract This study aims to understand the connotations and status of the innovative operation, organizational effectiveness and the dean’s leadership in primary schools under the school-pattern experimental education, probe into their relations so as to construct and validate the patterns of interactions between these three aspects and finally propose suggestions based on the research results. The document analysis and survey method is adopted for the study purpose and the objects are the teachers in public primary schools that apply school-pattern experimental education in 2016. A total of 335 questionnaires were issued, with a response rate of 91.94% and a valid response rate of 89.55%. The collected questionnaires were analyzed with such statistic methods as descriptive statistics, T-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's product-moment correlations, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The study came to the following conclusions based on the findings and analytic induction: 1.The school-pattern experimental education in primary schools shows a medium to high level of development in the school’ s innovative operation. 2.The school-pattern experimental education in primary schools shows a medium to high level of development in the school’ s organizational effectiveness. 3.The school-pattern experimental education in primary schools shows a medium to high level of development in the principal’s leadership. 4.Among the background variables of educators in primary schools applying school-type experimental education, such variables as the educators’ titles, the principal’s seniority in the school as well as the size of the school would bring significant differences in the scores of the school’s innovation operation. 5.Among the background variables of educators in primary schools applying school-type experimental education, such variables as the educators’ titles, the principal’s seniority in the school as well as the size of the school would bring significant differences in the scores of the school’s organizational effectiveness. 6.Among the background variables of educators in primary schools applying school-type experimental education, such variables as the educators’ seniority and titles, the principal’s seniority in the school as well as the size of the school would bring significant differences in the scores of the principal’s leadership. 7.The school’s overall innovative operation has a significant positive correlation with its organizational effectiveness, with the highest degree of correlation with “students’ study” and “students’ performance”. 8.The principal’s overall leadership has a significant positive correlation with the school’s organizational effectiveness, with the highest degree of correlation with “administrative leadership” and “control”. 9.The principal’s overall leadership has a significant positive correlation with the school’s innovative operation, with the highest degree of correlation with “administrative management” and “control”. 10.The school’s innovative operations would influence its organizational effectiveness through the principal’s leadership, which embodies a partial medium effect. Based on the above conclusions, this study proposed related suggestions for the reference of competent educational and administrative authorities, the school educators as well as future studies.

本研究旨在應用競值架構探討國民小學校長領導行為、學校組織文化與學校組織效能之間的關聯性。研究採用調查研究法，以台灣地區公立國民小學教師為對象，總共發出1060份問卷，問卷回收率為89.91％，有效問卷回收率則為84.81％。正式問卷回收之後，分別以單因子單變量變異數分析、單因子多變量變異數分析、集群分析、區別分析、皮爾森積差相關、迴歸分析（簡單、多元及調節迴歸）、階層線性模式及結構方程模式等統計方式對回收資料進行分析。 本研究獲得以下九項結論： 一、國民小學校長領導行為在競爭行為層面上的表現最突出。 二、國民小學組織文化特性趨向層級節制和朋黨組織文化。 三、國民小學學校組織效能在內部過程模式上的表現最佳。 四、校長領導行為、學校組織文化與學校組織效能之間具有正向關聯。 五、校長領導行為表現愈佳及複雜性愈高，有助於塑造學校組織文化與提升 學校組織效能。 六、學校組織文化的特性愈強及複雜性愈高，能促使學校組織效能之表現愈 佳。 七、校長領導行為與學校組織文化之趨同程度愈高，學校組織效能之表現並未 愈佳。 八、校長領導行為與學校組織效能之關聯是否受學校組織文化所調節，須視學 校組織文化之分析層次而定。 九、校長領導行為可透過學校組織文化的中介作用，正向影響學校組織效能。 本研究分別就實務應用及未來研究兩方面提出如下建議： 一、實務應用方面 （一）以競值架構之量表診斷學校組織行為 （二）展現兼容並蓄之領導作風 （三）提升領導行為之複雜性 （四）著重組織文化之型塑 （五）營造兼容並包的組織文化 （六）各種組織效能模式應兼籌並顧 二、未來研究方面 分別就研究對象、研究變項、研究方法、統計分析方法以及行為複雜性之檢測方式等方面，對未來的研究提出建議。 / The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships among principal’s leadership behavior, school organizational culture, and school organizational effectiveness by utilizing competing values framework. The research method this study adopted is survey research. Data were collected from 1060 teachers of elementary schools in Taiwan. The response rates were 89.91％; the usable rates were 84.81％. The collected data were analyzed by using the statistical methods of one-way ANOVA, one-way MANOVA, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, Pearson product-moment correlation, regression analysis (simple regression, multiple regression, and moderated regression), hierarchical linear modeling, and structural equation modeling. The conclusions of this study are: 1.Among all of the dimensions of principal’s leadership behavior, “Compete” is the dominant in the elementary schools. 2.Among all of the dimensions of school organizational culture, “Hierarchy” and “Clan” are the dominant in the elementary schools. 3.Among all of the dimensions of school organizational effectiveness, “Internal Process” is the dominant in the elementary schools. 4.There are positive relationships among principal’s leadership behavior, school organizational culture, and school organizational effectiveness. 5.The principals with better leadership performances and higher behavioral complexity tend to shape school organizational culture and enhance school organizational effectiveness. 6.The schools with stronger organizational cultures and higher cultural complexity could improve school organizational effectiveness. 7.The hypothesis that the higher the congruence between principal’s leadership behavior and school organizational culture is, the better the school organizational effectiveness is could not be supported. 8.Whether the relationship between principal’s leadership behavior and school organizational effectiveness could be moderated by school organizational culture depends on the level of analysis of school organizational culture. 9.The principal’s leadership behavior could positively affect school organizational effectiveness through the mediated effect of school organizational culture. In addition, this study provides suggestions respectively on the aspect of practical application and future study.