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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

結構洞理論在創業投資產業之應用

王秀彥 Unknown Date (has links)
本文將哈佛大學社會學研究所Burt教授所提出『Structural Holes』之論點,藉由研究國內創投產業加以證實。 Burt教授的『Structural Holes』理論乃是以「網路」的觀點來解釋,為何一公司或是個人得以較其他公司或是個人享有更多、更久的經濟利益。在個案研究以及次級資料的計算之下,研究者證明Structural Holes為核心的兩大利益效果-資訊利益及控制利益-同時存在於本國創投產業中,並隱然操控該產業的成敗與否。而此兩種利益的效果常常有互相加強之效。 本文所得到的發現: 1.在創投業於台灣的經營中,研究者經由訪談及次級資料蒐集計算中發現,控制利益及資訊利益確實存在於創投業者的網路運作實務中。 2.在控制利益的掌握上,因為創投管理公司藉由評估、投資、投資後經營等一系列的頻繁接觸及提供獨特服務活動(如漢鼎及中經合的跨國性網路支援之提供)中,使得被投資公司認知的價值來源是創投公司而非投資金主。除此之外,如普訊等公司藉由雙方認同的契約簽訂使創投管理公司可以維持控制利益,是一正式化的方式。 3.控制利益掌控的不同程度,與創投管理公司的態度有極大的關係。 4.控制利益容易因為基金契約到期而消失,其程度必須視投資金主的多角化意圖、原創投基金管理人績效而定。若是投資金主的多角化意圖高、而原創投基金管理人績效並不亮麗,在考量集團成長與降低成本考量下,通常會被金主收回自行管理。 5.就資訊利益而言,所有的創投業者一致公認「資訊利益」對創投業者的經營相當重要。資訊利益的取得方式隨著廠商發展策略的不同而不同,一般大概有下列幾種: (1)整合不同背景的人成為管理團隊 (2)採取集團控股公司,以一企業大傘下的各組織分別培養專業領域人才,有必要時共同會商 (3)將一部份的資訊來源以外部工作團隊的方式聘任 6.由於創投公司是屬於存在於產業界及金融投資界的前緣地帶(Frontier),因此其網路關係特別重要,也特別發達;通常一創投管理公司必須要整合兩種以上的網路背景,以因應環境及業務需要。
2

社會資本的積累:私營企業主參與社會組織的動力─中華全國工商業聯合會實証分析 / Social Capital, Private Entrepreneurs and Business Associations in China: The Case of All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce

李宗義, Lee, Tsung Yi Unknown Date (has links)
1953年中華全國工商業聯合會(工商聯)在中國共產黨授意之下成立,作為中華人民共和國政治協商會議組成的單位,工商聯取代明、清以來的「商會」,成為私營企業主影響政治的主要的政治渠道,更是私營企業主與黨國之間互動關係的「橋樑與紐帶」。隨著中國「非公有制經濟」地位的合法化,工商聯吸引了最有影響力的私營企業主,囊括了最廣闊的社會組織,並透過工商聯系統所建立起網絡關係,發展為國內外商會往來之間最主要的管道。權威性的政經地位與廣大的影響力,促使工商聯佔據地方政經網絡的樞紐位置,成為地方網絡「結構洞」中的橋樑。   本論文企圖解釋中國社會組織與私營經濟發展間的邏輯關係,以及社會資本(social capital)對於私營企業主企業經營的重要性。後社會主義時期,中國從再分配(redistribution)經濟往市場經濟轉型的過程中,社會資本作為計畫經濟官僚幹部資源分配的主要依據,將持續發揮作用,成為私營企業經營成功的關鍵所在,而隨著私營經濟逐漸形成的社團與中介組織,就成為企業主建構社會網絡累積社會資本最主要的場域。因此,本論文以私營企業主做為觀察的主要對象,分析私營企業主參與社會組織的動力問題,並以最具有政治、經濟與民間代表性的「中華全國工商業聯合會」,作為實際觀察的社會組織。 / Guanxi capital under socialism has been the critical determining criteria of resource redistribution in China, but how it evolves in the postsocialist era has not been well understood. This paper intends to examine the impact of guanxi capital on success achievements of private enterprises. The author shows that the market reform has not made the significance of guanxi capital decline but institutionalized “guanxi” in business associations. Examining the most important private business association, All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce (ACFIC) in China, the purpose of this paper is to explore the incentive structure of private entrepreneurs' participation in business associations. I argue that the ACFIC has become the efficient and effective bridge in private entrepreneurs' structural holes so private entrepreneurs with ACFIC membership can maximize their opportunities by the information and control benefits. Besides, ACFIC is one of the “basic components” of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. The endorsement of CCP leads ACFIC to the top in China's administrative hierarchy of private business associations. The representative position provides private entrepreneurs institutional route to negotiate the party state, local government and local cadres for their businesses. Based on the field study in Wenzhou, Zhejiang and Honghe, Yunnan, the business network surrounding ACFIC and private entrepreneurs' strategies of accumulating social capital in ACFIC will be analyzed.
3

台灣IC產業專利發明人的合作網絡機制 / Innovation Mechanisms of the Patent-Based Inventor Networks in Taiwan IC Industry

官逸人, Guan, Yi Ren Unknown Date (has links)
IC(積體電路)產業是台灣過去三十多年來發展最完整、且在世界上最具有競爭力的創新型產業。研發與技術專利成長快速,也代表這個產業的技術創新成果。台灣IC 產業技術創新和專利的研究累積了一些成果,但較缺乏使用研發創新發明人網絡所做的分析。本研究使用IC 產業專利發明人網絡資料,從結構洞(structural holes)和地位訊號(status signal)這兩個過去西方半導體和生物科技等創新產業研究中,最能解釋創新行動者與網絡系統和創新表現理論機制的學術研究累積成果出發,並反省台灣特有IC 產業分工技術利基位置、流動型勞力市場,發展出專利發明人網絡對專利發明成果影響機制之模型。研究發現,分析結果支持發明人地位訊號、結構洞網絡理論機制有助於專利創新發明的假設。而比較特殊的例外是,上游的專利發明網絡,結構洞低的類型反而有比較好的專利創新。這是由於上游的IC設計產業技術特性,需仰賴同一團隊的人重複合作方能完成設計,所以大多與重疊的人合作,結構限制較高,因此呈現與結構洞理論不同的情況。此外,研究發現,流動並不一定帶來較佳的技術創新,台灣IC產業專利人才流動對於技術發展與創新的正面影響,較多是在上游的IC設計產業。 因此創新發明鑲嵌在台灣特有半導體的不同技術利基環境中,還必須考慮到不同產業位置的技術特性,與產業技術發展所在的階段,才能正確解釋台灣IC產業的創新發明機制。 / The IC (integrated circuit) industry has been the most complete, competitive and innovative industry in Taiwan over the past three decades. The rapid growth of patents in this field demonstrates the marvelous outcomes of technological innovations. A huge amount of patent-based research has been accumulated in this industry, but only a little is related to the inventor network. Structural holes and status signal are two competing perspectives in explaining the dynamic mechanisms between innovative actors and network systems of the most innovative industries, semiconductor and biotechnology, in advanced countries. We use these two theories and network data of patent-based inventors to discuss the specific niche of vertical disintegration and fluid labor market in Taiwan IC industry, and develop models on mechanisms of how inventors’ networks affect the outcome of inventors’ patents. The findings reveal that the hypothesis on the effects of status signals and structural holes in inventors’ collaboration networks on the citations of inventors’ patents was supported. However, the patent inventions of the upstream IC design firms, the collaborative invention teams seem to be small or high structural constraints. Most of the patents of these newly growing firms in IC design industry are specialized in consumption products. The structural constraints are high, but the impact of is large. Besides, inventors’ fluidity would not necessarily create more influential patents. The fluidity of patent-based inventors was positive impact to the patent inventions, more was found in the IC designs company. The IC industry has been vertically differentiated into three sectors: the IC designs, the IC foundry, the package and test. In principle, these three sectors demand different levels of technology. The maturity of technological niches will affect the impacts of the patents.

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