當線性模型中包含隨機效果項時，若將之視為固定效果或直接忽略，往往會造成嚴重的推測偏差，故應以混合線性模型為架構。若模式中只包含一個隨機效果項，則模式中有兩個變異數成份，若包含 個隨機效果項，則模式中有 個變異數成份。本論文主要在介紹至少兩個變異數成份時固定效果及隨機效果線性組合的最佳線性不偏推測量（BLUP），及其推測區間之推導與建立。然而BLUP實為變異數比率的函數，若變異數比率未知，而以最大概似法（Maximum Likelihood Method）或殘差最大概似法（Residual Maximum Likelihood Method）估計出變異數比率，再代入BLUP中，則得到的是經驗最佳線性不偏推測量（EBLUP）。至於推測區間則與EBLUP的均方誤有關，本論文先介紹如何求算其漸近不偏估計量，再介紹EBLUP之推測誤差除以 後，其自由度的估算方法，據以建構推測區間。 / When random effects are contained in the model, if they are treated as fixed effects or ignore, then it may result in serious prediction bias. Instead, mixed linear model is to be considered. If there is one source of random effects, then the model has two variance components, while it has variance components, if the model contains random effects. This study primarily presents the derivation of the best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP) of a linear combination of the fixed and random effects, and then the conduction of the prediction interval when the model contains at least two variance components. However, BLUP is a function of variance ratios. If the variance ratios are unknown, we can replace them by their maximum likelihood estimates or residual maximum likelihood estimates, then we can get empirical best linear unbiased predictor (EBLUP). Because prediction interval is relating to the mean squared error (MSE) of EBLUP, so the study first introduces how to get its approximate unbiased estimator, m_a , then introduces how to evaluate the degrees of freedom of the ratio of the prediction error for the EBLUP and m_a ^1/2 , in order to use both of them to establish the prediction interval.