本文係針對我國人口老化的需求與問題進行檢視，以臺北市12區戶政事務所職員及中老年人為研究對象進行研究調查，旨在了解其因個人背景變項的不同，而對人口老化所造成的需求及問題看法差異性，並探討人口老化需求與問題間的相關性，並依研究結果對政府機關作出相關政策建議。 本研究以研究者自行編製之問卷量表作為研究工具，共發出680份問卷，回收有效問卷662份，所得之資料以SPSS for Windows Version 17.0統計軟體進行敘述性統計分析及t檢定、單因子變異數分析、事後檢定法及皮爾森積差相關統計分析，以獲得實證結果。 根據分析結果，研究發現如下： 一、在人口老化衍生問題各構面間，以照護資源問題得分最高。 二、在人口老化衍生需求各構面間，以生活規劃需求得分最高。 三、在個人背景變項中，對照護資源、環境及心理適應等問題有顯著差異。 四、在個人背景變項中，大部分對就業與長照保障及生活規劃等需求有顯著差異。 五、而在人口老化衍生問題與需求間有著顯著正相關。 / The present paper focuses on examining the demand and problem of population aging in Taiwan, conducting a research survey on employees of the 12 district household registration offices and middle-aged and elder persons in Taipei, with the intention of understanding the differences in views regarding demand and problem caused by population aging as a result of variations in personal background variables. In addition, the present paper also probes the relationship between demand and problem of population aging, making related policy suggestions to government authorities based on the results of the study. In the study, researchers used a questionnaire that they had compiled as the research tool, distributing 680 copies of the questionnaire in total and recovering 662 valid copies of the questionnaire. Using the SPSS for Windows Version 17.0 software, descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, post hoc tests, and Pearson’s product-moment correlation were carried out to analyze the data obtained in order to acquire empirical results. According to results of analyses, the findings were as follows: 1. Among the various dimensions of problem derived from population aging, the score for the care resources problem was the highest. 2. Among the various dimensions of demand derived from population aging, the score for the life planning need was the highest. 3. Among the personal background variables, significant differences were shown in problem like care resources, environment, and mental adjustment. 4. Among the personal background variables, the majority of them showed significant differences in demand like employment, long-term protection, and life planning. 5. Problem and demand derived from population aging demonstrated a significant positive relationship.