台灣近年來發生許多土石流災害，導致許多傷亡與損失，而行政單位在救災時，往往忽略土石流潛勢溪流地區民眾的避難決策需求，尤其行動弱勢族群。本研究透過問卷調查與訪談的方式，針對新竹縣尖石鄉、南投縣水里鄉的一般家戶行動弱勢者，調查實際土石流災害下行動弱勢族群之災害認知與疏散避難行為特性再與無土石流災害下之預期認知及國外研究案例進行分析比較。土石流消息來源方面，實際避難時除了最為信賴「行政單位的廣播宣導」之外，對於網際網路消息有增加信賴的趨勢；土石流認知方面，實際避難行為較預期認知認同「土石流防災宣導與避難演練對您很有幫助」之認知；避難考量因素方面，實際避難行為則明顯比預期認知較為重視「過去的受災經驗」此項因子，因此災害之預期認知與實際行為兩者並非全然相同。 應用二元羅吉斯特迴歸方法，建立行動弱勢族群「是否採取避難」、「是否需要協助」、「避難過程所需時間」之三種避難疏散行為模式，解釋災害認知、外在環境與災民本身特質等避難因素間之關係。模式發現有接獲避難訊息、所得較高、有危機意識與土石流防救災知識的行動弱勢族群，進行疏散避難的比例較高；也發現行動弱勢族群最需要交通工具與輔助設備的協助；此外行動弱勢族群傾向選擇熟悉的路線，而造成整體避難過程較為耗時。最後依據前述對行動弱勢族群之疏散避難需求與行為特性之掌握，本研究對相關公部門提出行動弱勢族群防救災對策之建議。 / / For realizing the evacuation behavior of disabilities in debris flow disaster, the study conducted a questionnaire survey for the disable groups to understand their disaster perception and actual evacuation behavior. Two debris flow vulnerable townships were selected including Shuili Township in Nantou County and Jianshi Township in Hsinchu County. Therefore, their decision and perceived attributes in Debris Flow were clarified, in addition to examine if evacuation expectation corresponds to actual behavior. This research finds that the evacuation expectations shows significantly differ from the actual behavior on the source of debris flow warning, the debris flow awareness, the consideration of evacuation factors, and the choices of evacuation sites. So evacuation expectation isn’t totally correspond to actual behavior. Research result by evacuation behavior models, disable groups that are “alert”, “have safety knowledge”, “higher income”, are outstanding factors ,it is relatively high to evacuate the proportion of taking refuge. On the other hand, models find disable groups need means of transportation to help most. In conclusion, before drafting emergency planning, the government should consider more the disable group’s expectations and actual evacuation behavior than the request of the situation to ensure the planning is good to work.

台灣近年來發生許多土流災害，導致許多傷亡與損失，而行政單位在救災時，卻忽略了土石流潛勢地區民眾的疏散避難決策需求，尤其是行動弱勢族群。本研究透過問卷調查與訪談的方式，針對三處土石流潛勢地區之一般家戶行動弱勢族群以及全省十個土石流潛勢溪流較多縣市之社福機構行動弱勢族群，瞭解其對於土石流災害的認知情形以及疏散避難之決策行為特性，並以二元羅吉斯特迴歸方法，建立疏散避難的決策行為模式，協助行政單位瞭解其疏散避難之需求與決策行為，設計更完善之疏散避難計畫。 在與美國Lili颶風案例進行分析比較後，發現一般家戶與社福機構之行動弱勢族群最相信的資訊來源都是行政單位的宣導，Lili颶風案例則是地方平面媒體的報導，而三方最不相信的都是網際網路。在疏散避難的決策行為模式方面，發現「獨居」對於一般家戶行動弱勢族群是否需要協助，有非常顯著的影響，表示獨居的行動弱勢者在避難時非常需要他人的協助。而「前往其他地區同性質的機構避難」對於社福機構行動弱勢族群避難過程所需長短，有非常顯著的影響，並會增加整個避難所需的時間。 / Debris flows cause a lot of injuries, deaths and property losing in recent years in Taiwan. When the government was providing disaster relief, it lacked for paying attention to the real evacuation behavior and perception of vulnerable area, especially the disable groups. This study conducted a questionnaire survey for two disable groups to understand their disaster perception and evacuation decision-making behavior. One disable group is living in general households in three debris flow vulnerable townships; another is living in social welfare organization in ten debris flow vulnerable counties. A decision model was built by using Binary logistic to estimate the evacuation decision-making behavior. Research result can be contributed to evacuation planning and policy implementation. Comparing with the evacuation behavior case of hurricane Lili in U.S.A, This study finds that the most reliable channel of evacuation information for two disable groups in Taiwan are from governmental authorities, but for the case of hurricane Lili is from local news media. No matter the case in Taiwan or in U.S.A, the most unreliable channel of evacuation information is from internet. Research result by evacuation decision-making behavior model, “living alone” is an outstanding factor that disable group who live in general households need help or not when they’re evacuating. It shows that people who live alone need others' help very much while taking refuge. “Evacuating to the other organizations in the other area” is an outstanding factor that disable group who live in social welfare organizations need longer time to evacuate. It shows that if organization evacuate to the other organizations in the other area, they will raise the total evacuation time.