過去研究顯示，以英文為第二語言的研究生，無論在以英語為第二語言或是以英語為外語的環境下，都會在進行研究和論文寫作時遇到困難(Bitchener & Basturkmen, 2005; Buckingham, 2005; Dong, 1998; Lee, 2008; O’Connor, Greene & Anderson, 2006; Onwuegbuzie & Leech, 2006; Reeves, Herrington, & Oliver, 2005)，然而，相關研究卻缺乏探究在以英語為外語的環境下，同時身為研究生和在職教師的這群學生們所遭遇的困難，及其如何利用可取得的資源去解決論文寫作上的難題。本研究旨在藉由質性個案研究方式，以社會文化學習的角度，特別是van Lier (2004)的擴充式建構理論(expanded ZPD)，取得更多關於身為學校老師的在職研究生在論文寫作過程中遇到的困難以及解決對策的詳細資訊，以期對論文寫作教學以及論文指導上有所貢獻。本研究共邀請到三組指導教授與研究生，每組包含一位教授與他們的兩位研究生。資料來源包含與所有研究參與者的訪談內容、論文寫作相關書籍，以及學生的論文草稿，最後經由對比原始資料得出研究結果。 研究結果顯示學生在寫論文前遇到的困難是研究設計與處理資料，而在寫論文各章節時，他們會同時遇到文字上以及文體格式方面的困難。根據各章節的文體要求，學生們認為文獻回顧、研究發現，以及討論研究結果是最困難的章節，而結論是困難度最小的章節。而這些困難可歸因於學生為非母語寫作者，以及他們對於學術規範的不熟悉。此外，本研究也發現，在職班學生可取得的資源包括同儕、專家、學術出版品，以及自身。 基於上述發現，本研究提出研究所課程的教師應提供學生更多閱讀學術論文的機會，以及在課程中融入讓學生可應用課堂所學的任務。指導教授也能事先提醒學生論文中較為困難的部份，以及告訴學生有哪些可取得資源是有助於論文寫作的。未來，需要更多人誌學以及日記研究法的方式研究，以期能更深入了解在職研究生在論文寫作上的需求。 / Though a number of studies have revealed that both the L2 graduate students in English as a Second Language (ESL) and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts may encounter difficulties in conducting research and writing theses (Bitchener& Basturkmen, 2005; Buckingham, 2005; Dong, 1998; Lee, 2008; O’Connor, Greene& Anderson, 2006; Onwuegbuzie & Leech, 2006; Reeves, Herrington& Oliver, 2005), research about how the graduate students who are also in-service teachers in EFL settings cope with the difficulties in thesis writing by making use of the sources available still lacks. Thus, this study aimed to have an in-depth understanding of the difficulties this group of students faced in the process of thesis writing and the ways they adopted to deal with the problems via a qualitative case study and with the social cultural perspective of learning, especially the framework of expanded ZPD (van Leir, 2004) .Three advisor-advisee pairs were invited to participate in the present study, and each pair was comprised of one advisor and two advisees. Data for analysis were collected from multiple sources, including semi-structured interviews with the participants, the textbook of the thesis writing course, and the drafts of theses. Data were analyzed by constant comparative method (Lincoln & Guba, 1985). The results showed that the students faced difficulties about research design and compiling the data even before writing theses. When writing each section of a thesis, they had troubles both at the linguistic level and the rhetorical level. According to the rhetorical regulations of each section, Literature Review, Results, and Discussion were viewed as the three most difficult sections and Conclusion the least difficult section for the students. Hence, the unfamiliarity of academic conventions and the lower English writing abilities contributed to the difficulties the students faced during thesis writing. Moreover, the findings disclosed that the sources available for the students as in-service teachers included human resources such as peers and experts, material resources such as academic publications, and inner knowledge from self. Based upon above findings, it is suggested that the courses of graduate schools should provide students more opportunities to read academic texts extensively and practice what they learn in class. Also, the advisors should remind students of the problematic area of a specific section and tell students the resources available in the academic context. In the future, more ethnographic and diary studies are needed to explore what challenges the students who are also in-service teachers encounter in the thesis writing processes and how they solve these problems because this group of students may have different needs in thesis writing

在學術論文寫作眾多章節中，文獻回顧章節是讀寫過程中困難度較高的一章節，因此研究生普遍視為畏途。文獻回顧的語步分析在過去文獻中尚未受到重視。因此本論文旨在分析臺灣英語教學碩士論文中文獻回顧章節之語步結構。本論文提出兩個研究問題: (1)臺灣英語教學碩士論文文獻回顧章節之語步結構為何？(2)評選高分與評選低分的文獻回顧差異為何？本論文選出三十篇臺灣英語教學碩士論文中文獻回顧章節做為文本分析並將其評選高分群與評選低分群。本研究以四個主要語步來分析文獻回顧章節的語步結構。這四個主要語步分別為：(1)領域知識觀念介紹，(2)用主題方式整合過去之文獻，(3)聯結過去文獻與將進行之研究之關係，及(4)宣布將進行研究。每一主要語步都有數個次要語步。本論文討論語步出現的頻率，語步發展，語步組合結構及語步循環。 本論文顯示第一語步使用的最為廣泛佔56.96%，第二語步佔22.39%，第三語步與第四語步各為11.74%與8.91%。收集之文獻回顧分為四組，分別為(1)表現最差，(2)表現較差，(3)表現稱職，及(4)表現最好。 結果發現表現最差的一組沒有任何主題發展，表現較差的一組有主題發展但是僅限於整合，表現稱職的一組有運用到四個主要語步，而表現最好的一組發現有數個全部語步的循環。本論文呈現臺灣英語教學碩士論文文獻回顧章節的語步結構。這些結果與討論提供英語教學領域研究生更加了解學術論文文獻回顧之寫作架構。 / Reviewing literature for a research study is a highly complicated reading and writing process, which has been assumed a rather formidable task for many graduate students. In the field of English for Specific Purposes, many scholars have devoted their studies into certain types of genre analysis, particularly research genres. However, the concept of “literature review” (LR) as a distinct type of genre has been constantly overlooked and the move structure of literature reviews unexplored. The move structure of LRs in master theses written by Taiwanese TEFL program graduates was studied. This proposed study included two research questions: (1) What are the move structures of the LR chapters in the master theses of TEFL programs? (2) Do the move structures differ between the low-rated and high-rated LRs? In this study, thirty theses were randomly chosen. Thirty theses were rated and grouped into high-rated and low-rated categories. Based on Kwan’s framework (2006) and the results of pilot study, a new move structure with the four major moves was formulated for this study. The statistical results showed that “conceptualizing themes in a field (Move 1)” takes the largest proportion among the total occurrences, followed by “integrating previous works on the themes (Move 2),” “relating previous works to the current study (Move 3)” and “advancing to one’s own study (Move 4).” It is concluded that LRs composed by these graduates fundamentally serves to present relevant field knowledge. Further, no topic expansion is found in the deficient group. Most of the LRs in the poor group halt at the synthesis though there is some topic development. The competent group has a complete occurrence of the four major moves. Multiple cycles are found per LR in the distinctive group. This study provides insights into the move structure of Taiwanese students’ literature review chapters of master theses.

本研究旨在探討利用Big6技能教學於高中一年級學生小論文寫作課程學習成效，並根據研究結果提出閱讀教師對於小論文寫作教學之改善建議，提供高中教師日後進行專題式教學之參考。 本研究採準實驗研究法、觀察法、文件分析法及訪談法，以兩班高中一年級學生為研究對象，一班為接受「Big6技能」小論文寫作教學之實驗組學生，一班為接受傳統分段寫作教學之控制組學生，兩班學生皆由研究者進行教學，進行為期十週共十二堂之實驗教學課程，在教學前後，對研究對象實施前測、後測，藉以了解學習成效是否有顯著的差異。 依據資料分析與研究結果，歸納出以下結論： 一.小論文寫作主題課程內容規畫宜在Big6技能教學中加入分段寫作教學指導。 二.學生學習成效表現在量的提升有明顯效果，在質的提升未達顯著差異。 三.小論文寫作教學宜有教師社群協作進行指導。 最後，根據研究結果，提出對高中教師進行Big6技能小論文寫作教學及未來研究之建議。 / This study aims to discuss the application of learning Big Six Skills to high school students' learning effect on essay writing course. Based on the research results, reference to high school teachers of the essay writing course into the instruction for pupils is proposed. With experimental research, observation method, documentary analysis, and interview, two classes of High school first grade students are studied. Students in the same class as one experimental group. One class receives the instruction of Big Six Skills, the other class which as the control group receives traditional instruction in essay writing class. Both classes are instructed by the researcher for 12 sessions in 10 weeks. In order to understand whether the difference is significant or not, students are preceded pretest and post-test before and after the instruction. According to the data analysis and the research results, the following conclusions are summarized. 1.The essay writing course content planning should be in the Big Six skills teaching into the traditional writing teaching guidance. 2.The performance of students' learning effectiveness has obvious effect in improving the quality, but there is no significant difference in qualitative improvement. 3.The teaching of essay writing should be guided by cooperation of teachers. Finally, according to the research suggestions for high school teachers of essay writing and future research are proposed according to the research results.