在學術傳播中，引用文獻揭示正式傳播的模式與學術影響，本研究是以1998年至2008年資訊科學重要期刊Information Processing and Management、Journal of Information Science及Journal of Documentation為研究對象，利用引用文獻分析法，分析近年來資訊科學引用參考文獻之情形，以瞭解資訊科學學門研究的學科及主題範疇。 研究結果發現，西文資訊科學期刊引用參考文獻的類型以期刊為主，圖書與會議文獻次之。在文獻分布方面，並不完全符合布萊德福與布萊德福─齊夫定律，其核心期刊主題以資訊科學及圖書資訊學為主，僅有兩種期刊偏向電腦科學。參考文獻引用的學科以圖書資訊學門為主，此外更涉及科學、社會科學及科技學門，著重於數學、電腦科學；科學總論；工業、土地用途、勞工；一般語言學；電機、電子、核子工程、電腦硬體；科技總論等。在期刊引用的學科範疇偏向圖書資訊學門及電腦科學，然而在圖書引用方面，圖書資訊學所佔比例未如同在期刊引用，且對於社會科學的引用比例亦提高許多。 深入分析圖書資訊學相關圖書與期刊的主題，發現重要議題包含：機械化(電腦)資訊檢索及書目控制、圖書館學與資訊科學、索引摘要、編目、各類型圖書館、參考服務、圖書館資訊網路、電子資源等。而圖書資訊學文章熱門研究主題有：搜尋、線上資訊檢索、資訊工作、全球資訊網、資訊儲存與檢索、主題索引法、技術服務、資訊尋求行為、評估及研究、引文分析、書目計量學、資訊科學、使用者調查等。 本研究結果可應用於館藏規劃與評估，界定重要的期刊與圖書文獻來源，有助於圖書館或相關研究單位評估資訊科學相關館藏是否足以支援研究。同時可將研究之分析應用於資訊科學學術研究，提供研究人員近年來資訊科學引用學科之變化及研究主題趨勢等相關資訊，作為資訊科學學者進行研究規劃之參考。 / As an artifact of scholarly communication, citations reveal formal communication patterns and scholarly impact. By Citation Analysis, this study explores the related disciplines and subjects with Information Science through investigating the important Information Science journals: Information Processing and Management, Journal of Information Science, and Journal of Documentation during the period 1998 to 2008. Results show that the main documentation type of Information Science citation is journal, and followed by book and conference. The distribution of Information Science citation does not exactly fit Bradford’s Law and Bradford-Zipf Law. Of the citation, the chief field of core journals is Information Science and Library & Information Science; only two core journals are about Computer Science. The primary discipline of citation is Library & Information Science. However, it also involves with Science, Social Science, and Technology, such as Mathematics, Computer Science; General Science; Industries, Land use, Labor; General Philology and Linguistics; Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Nuclear Engineering, Computer Hardware; General Technology and so on in particular. From further examination of subjects of the cited Library & Information Science journals and books, some important topics are found: Machine Methods of Information and Retrieval, Mechanized Bibliographic Control; Library Science, Information Science; Indexing and Abstracting; Cataloging; Classes of Libraries; Reference Services; Library Information Networks; Electronic Information Resources and so on. On the other hand, popular research subjects of the cited Library & Information Science journal articles are Searching, Online Information Retrieval, Information Work, World Wide Web, Information Storage and Retrieval, Subject Indexing, Technical Services, Information Seeking Behavior, Evaluation, Research, Citation Analysis, Bibliometrics, Information Science, User Surveys, etc. Finally, the results of this study can be applied to collection planning and assessment, and identify the core journals and books. It assists libraries or information centers in evaluating the adequacy of Information Science collections to support research. Meanwhile, it provides researchers with recent trends of Information Science research.

本研究分別利用書目對分析與共被引分析的方法，以資訊科學重要期刊之高引用期刊、作者與高被引期刊、作者作為研究對象，建構1991年至2010年之資訊科學知識地圖與研究前鋒。知識地圖的建構，採用文獻內容探勘工具(Content Analysis Toolkit for Academic Research，簡稱CATAR)作為分析工具，利用Web of Science下載書目資料，進行期刊與作者之書目對分析，以了解資訊科學高引用期刊與作者的叢集情況，進而探討資訊科學的知識結構。研究前鋒的建構則是透過Web of Science檢索共被引分析之數據，了解高被引期刊與作者之叢集情形，進而探討資訊科學之核心議題。 研究結果歸納如下： 一、資訊科學領域主要分成圖書資訊學與電腦科學兩大範疇。 二、資訊科學領域有跨學科之性質，許多期刊與作者研究的範圍不限於資訊科學領域，還包括了電腦科學、心理學、管理學、語言學、歷史學等。 三、資訊科學領域的共被引次數普遍偏低。 四、資訊科學領域核心議題的主要範圍為圖書資訊學、電腦科學、資訊科技與管理領域，子主題包含線上資訊、資訊檢索、資訊尋求行為、人機互動、自動化分類索引、書目計量學、科學計量學、網路計量學、引用文獻分析、研究前鋒研究、資訊視覺化、數位圖書館、資訊素養、圖書館服務、學術圖書館、科學計量學、電腦工程、電腦通訊、網際網路、資訊科技、資訊系統、管理。 五、1991年到2010年間，圖書館與資訊服務的自動化和資料庫設計與管理這兩個主題，在資訊科學領域中漸漸式微。 本研究結果可看出資訊科學的知識結構與研究前鋒，可應用於館藏規劃與評估，檢視圖書館的資訊科學領域館藏是否完整，並提供資訊科學領域的學者觀察學術研究趨勢之用。 / Through bibliographic coupling and co-citation analysis, this study builds on the knowledge map and research front of information science fields from 1991 to 2010. First, this research use CATAR which based on journal bibliographic coupling analysis and author bibliographic coupling to analyze the high citing journal and author in information science, and plot knowledge map on the subject of Information Science. Second, this research use journal co-citation analysis and author co-citation analysis where journal and author citing co-citation clusters to build the research front of Information Science. To result of the study reveal that： 1. Library and Information Science, Computer Science are the main disciplines in Information Science area. 2. The field of Information Science has the nature of interdisciplinary. The research area of any journals and authors are not limited to Information Science, and even likely to go beyond the subject of other disciplines, such as: Computer Science, Psychology, Management, Linguistics, History, etc. 3. Co-citation frequencies of Information Science high cited journals and authors are low. 4. The core area of Information Science field is Library and Information Science, Computer Science, Information Technology and Management. 5. During 1991 to 2010, library and information service automation, and design and management of database have been declining.

偉大的科學家牛頓曾說：「如果我能比別人看的更遠，那是因為我站在巨人的肩膀上」。任何一個學科的發展，其創始和演進的過程中，必定有一群具有前瞻性與領導風格的研究者，憑藉著他們本身的才能與智慧、努力的奉獻和卓越的理念做出具體的貢獻，透過相同的理念奠定學科的根基，並促使學科興盛發展。 本研究採用書目計量學研究方法中的共被引分析法，以美國資訊科學學會所頒發「最佳貢獻獎」之得主為研究對象，並以1900年至2007年為研究範圍，進行資訊科學家之間的主題性分析。本研究旨在探討44位資訊科學先驅的共被引情況，以瞭解各位先驅和各領域主題的群集現象，進而探討資訊科學的知識結構。本研究透過Web Of Science資料庫分別對於44位資訊科學家與個人被引用最多之著作進行共被引次數檢索，製成共被引矩陣，除了瞭解資訊科學家與其被引用最多之著作的共被引強度外，並以KNOT軟體進行路徑搜尋網路分析，進一步探討資訊科學之主題分佈情況，並與前人所做的相關研究進行比較。 本研究結果歸納如下： 一、資訊科學先驅的被引用次數和共被引次數 (一)被引用次數和共被引次數高低的差異，較高者可強化連結強度，較低者可反應出不同的學科結構。 (二)共被引次數較普遍者，具有跨領域的特性。 二、資訊科學先驅的路徑搜尋網路分析 (一)資訊科學領域以五大領域為主要範疇。分別是以Salton, G所領軍的資訊檢索領域；Lancaster, FW所代表的圖書資訊學與圖書館教育、圖書館自動化與自動化系統、圖書館與資訊服務評鑑等領域；Garfield, E為核心的資訊計量學與引用文獻分析之領域；Belkin, NJ所代表的使用者研究與資訊尋求行為領域；Saracevic, T為主的圖書資訊科學概念與理論、圖書資訊科學史的領域。 (二)單篇被引用最多之著作的網路圖無法判別。 三、本研究與White, HD (2003a)研究結果之比較結果 (一)資訊科學領域的學科結構並無太大變動。 (二)資訊科學中心點的不同。本研究所得的網路圖是以Salton, G為圖形的中心點，而White, HD (2003a)則是以Lancaster, FW為圖形中心點。 四、資訊科學領域有跨學科之性質。透過分析結果可以發現資訊科學有跨領域的特性，在許多的資訊科學先驅本身的研究範疇不只侷限於資訊科學，甚且有跨越其他學科主題，例如：電腦科學、社會網絡分析、數學、統計學等。 / Newton, one of the great scientists, said：「If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.」The development in any discipline, in the founding and evolution of the process , there must be a group of forward-looking with the leadership style of the researchers. They make concrete contribution by virtue of their own abilities and intelligence, outstanding efforts and dedication. They through the same idea lay the foundation of their subjects and flourish their disciplines. This study aims at using co-citation analysis of bibliometrics, and regards the Winners of Award of Merit of American Society for Information Science as the research objects to analyze the relevance between and between information scientists, and the research years from 1900 to 2007. The main purpose of this study is to explore the co-citation counts of 44 information scientists to understand the pioneers and the major subjects in information science, and further explore the structure of scientific knowledge of information science. This study through the Web Of Science database retrieve the co-citation counts of 44 pioneers of information science and the most cited of their works to build co-citation matrix. The result let us understanding the co-citation strength of 44 pioneers of information science. We also use the KNOT software in the analysis of PFNETs, try to explore the subjects how to distribute in information science, and take the results compare to the results of the study by White, HD in 2003. The results of the study reveal that: 1.Cited counts and co-citation counts of 44 pioneers of information science (1)The difference between higher counts and lower counts. The higher counts can strengthen the connections between the network, the lows counts can response to the different structures of information science. (2)The higher co-citation counts commonly have the characteristics of cross- discipline. 2.The PFNETs of 44 pioneers of information science (1)The fields of information science divide into five main areas. Salton, G lead the field of information retrieval. Lancaster, FW represent the education of library science and information science, library automation and automated systems, the evaluation for library and information services etc.. Garfield, E as the core of the field of informetrics and citation analysis. Belkin, NJ represent the field of the users research and information-seeking behavior. Saracevic, T represent the field of library information science concepts and theories, the history of library and information science etc.. (2)The network map of the most cited works of 44 pioneers of information science cannot be differentiated. 3. Take the results compare to the results of the study by White, HD in 2003 (1)The field of information science disciplines have not much change in the scientific structure. (2)Different focal point in the maps of information science. This study is based on the network map as Salton, G as focal point for the network, and White, HD (2003a) is based on the network map as Lancaster, FW as focal point for the graphics. 4. The field of information science has the nature of interdisciplinary. The results can be found through the co-citation analysis of information scientists on cross-cutting nature of information science. A pioneer in many areas of study itself is not limited to information science, and even likely to go beyond the subject of other disciplines, such as: computer science, social network analysis, mathematics, statistics etc..

本研究利用書目計量學與引用文獻分析法分析引用1998年至2008年資訊科學重要期刊之特性。四種代表性期刊分別為Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology、Information Processing and Management、Journal of Information Science以及Journal of Documentation，研究樣本取自WOS資料庫，共計9579篇書目資料。希冀藉由分析探討引用資訊科學文獻之分佈現象與主題範疇，以觀察其他學科與資訊科學學科的互動關係。 本研究結果歸納如下：(1)資訊科學期刊被引用文獻篇數數量隨年代增長。(2)研究型文章為引用資訊科學期刊文獻最主要的資料類型。(3)本研究不完全符合布萊德福與布萊德福-齊夫定律，但可經由布萊德福-齊夫定律圖解，觀察出核心期刊有七種，核心期刊主題以圖書館學與資訊科學為主。 (4)引用資訊科學期刊文獻之學科大類分佈情況，以引用圖書館學門以及科學類為主，JOD是圖書館學門重要的參考期刊。(5)期刊及圖書主題分佈以被圖書資訊學主題和資訊檢索引用最多。(6)高被引用文獻以JASIST所佔比例最多，顯示JASIST是高生產力與高品質兼具的期刊，是資訊科學最重要且最受關注的文獻來源。(7)高被引主題以全球資訊網最多，其次為線上資訊檢索以及搜尋。(8)高被引作者共21位，目前皆任職於學校機構，以從事資訊科學、資訊研究領域為主，研究主題則是資訊檢索、資訊計量學等為多。這21位核心作者可以說是目前資訊科學界的核心領導作者。 本研究結果可應用於館藏發展與管理之參考，界定重要的期刊與圖書文獻來源，有助於圖書館或相關研究單位規劃、建立完整的資訊科學研究架構，以支援研究。同時，可將本研究之分析應用於資訊科學領域研究者，提供投稿之參考、了解目前研究主流以及未來的發展趨勢等，並可提供於資訊科學期刊編輯者，讓其了解該期刊之表現，適時調整，作為期刊長期追蹤的參考。 / Through bibliometric approach and citation analysis, this study analyzed the related disciplines and subjects of literature citing the important Information Science journals during 1998 to 2008. The four leading Information Science journals are Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Information Processing and Management, Journal of Information Science, and Journal of Documentation. A total of 9579 bibliographic data were from WOS database. Results show that：(1) The cited times of Information Science journals increased steadily. (2) Journal article is the main documentation type citing Information Science journals. (3)The distribution of literature citing Information Science journals does not exactly fit Bradford’s Law and Bradford-Zipf Law. However, by observation on Bradford-Zipf Law graph, there are seven core journals. The chief fields of core journals are Library Science & Information Science, and Information Science. (4) Primary disciplines of literature citing Information Science journals are Library Science & Information Science, and Science. JOD is the important reference journal in Library Science & Information Science discipline. (5) The subjects of journals and books highly citing Information Science journals are Library Science & Information Science, and Information Retrieval. (6) JASIST is highly cited, showing that it is both a high productivity and high quality journal. (7) The highly cited subject is World Wide Web, and followed by information retrieval and search. (8) The highly cited authors, who mainly serve in college and most of whom hold the post in the related Information Retrieval and Information Study departments, defined in this study amount to 21. Most of them specialize in information retrieval and informetrics. Finally, the results of this study can be applied to collection development and management, and identify the core journal and books. It assists libraries or information centers in planning and establishing complete research framework on Information Science.