1929年世界恐慌後，美國對日本生絲與絹織品的消費力降低，以及日本紡織業在世界市場被中國取代，以紡織業為首之日本出口貿易值大幅衰退，促使日本政府強化對紡織業的統制政策。本文探討1929至1937年，日本政府對紡織業逐步實施產業統制與貿易統制措施下，滿洲國在這些統制政策下的角色變化，以及石橋湛山追認滿洲國並修正其經濟自由主義的過程。 石橋湛山 (1884-1973)，歷經東洋經濟新報社主筆、日本首相，至今被喻為經濟自由主義的先驅。石橋的經濟自由主義，除了表現個人與東洋經濟新報社的立場，也反應當時日本民間在經濟上不同於政府的另一種看法。日本政府實施產業統制政策，紡織業受最廣的影響。 日本政府自1929年起，陸續實施「絲價安定融資補償法」(1929)、「重要產業統制法」(1931)、「通商擁護法」(1934)、「貿易調整法」(1937)，又於日中戰爭爆發之1937年，在滿洲國實施「重要產業統制法」與「棉花統制法」，足見紡織業在這些經濟政策中具有舉足輕重的地位。日本政府為獲得外匯、解決農村失業問題與備戰，控管棉花與紡織品的生產與供應價格，期望實現自給自足的目標。 滿州，是日本從中國取得原料與食料的中繼站，自中國華北棉花品質逐漸提升，滿州對日本的經濟也日益重要。日本歷經1929年中國關稅自主、美國因世界恐慌經濟衰退，加深對滿州的經濟依賴。石橋以貿易數字為依據，1932年「滿洲國」成立前，他並不看好滿州。1932年「滿洲國」成立，促使石橋逐步修正其經濟自由主義。 石橋作為日本經濟自由主義的先驅、東洋經濟新報社的主筆，在1929至1937年這段期間，積極對產業統制與貿易統制政策提供意見。這反應滿州在日本貿易市場的地位變化，也反應日本朝野針對紡織業統制政策，整合國內對經濟政策之共識，更促成石橋在1937年後擔任商工省的統制委員。 / In 1929, the Great Depression caused Japan into economical panic, the price of silk in Japan fallen and Japanese textile industry market was replaced by Chinese, prompting Japanese government to strengthen the industry and trade control policies. This report tries to explain the impacts of Japanese government’s industry and trade control policies which responded to the textile products price oversupply or insufficient upon the Manchuria from 1929 to 1937. Otherwise, Tanzan Ishibashi considerd the benefit of Manchuria to Japan and change his economic liberalism. Tanzan Ishibashi (1884-1973), to go through an economic magazine “Toyo Keizai” journalist, the Japanese Prime Minister, is a famous pioneer of economic liberalism in Japan. Tanzan Ishibashi’s economic liberalism stood in for him and “Toyo Keizai”, appear different point of Japanese government’s economic policy. The industry and trade control policies Japanese government implemented made great influence upon Japanese textile production and price, such as in 1929, the enactment of the “ Silk Price Stable Finance Law”; in 1931, the enactment of the “Important Industry Law”; in 1934, the enactment of the” Important Industry and Trade Law”; in 1937, the enactment of the”Trade Adjust Law”. Otherwise, Manchuria’s “Important Industry Law” and “Cotton Control Law” was put into 1937, we can understand the Japanese government exhausted to make Manchuria people’s livelihood, achieve the goal of “self-sufficiency” for Japan. Manchuria, a place to offer nature materials and foods from China, also important to Japanese economy since the North China cotton’s quality has gradually edged up. Before the Manchuria was founded in 1932, Tanzan Ishibashi denied it’s important for Japan’s trade by imports and exports turnover. However, the overall economic decline furthered Japanese textile industry’s bankruptcy significantly after the Great Depression. After 1929 the economy depressed, Tanzan Ishibashi revise his economic liberalism. Be a pioneer of economic liberalism in Japan, Tanzan Ishibashi is also a leader of the economic magazine”Toyo Keizai”, he participates actively about industry and trade control policies to Japanese government in”Toyo Keizai” between 1929 to 1937. Economic recession made Japanese people realize the importantance of Manchuria, a general consensus of textile industry control policy reached from the court and the commonalty, it’s a key that Tanzan Ishibashi being a commissioner of trade control police after 1937 for Japan Ministry of Commerce and Industry.