本文之研究目的，即在探討我國農民健康保險制度現存之問題，並藉由文獻分析，探討目前世界各國以特別體系辦理農民經濟安全保障之情形，瞭解農民健康保險現行制度運作情形及其所面臨之問題，以評析我國農民保險制度之缺失及可行之改進方向，最後提出農民健康保險條例之修正建議，以為未來修法之參考。 經本文之探討發現，目前世界各國以特別體系辦理農民經濟安全保障者僅數少數，且其農民保障制度除了立基於保障農民生活、改善農家所得水準之出發點外，也同時肩負改善農民地位，提昇務農意願、降低農業勞動者年齡等目標。 至於目前農保所面臨之課題方面，包括行政監理體系複雜，且中央主管機關與承保機關之隸屬關係薄弱；投保資格之規範與農民健康保險之制度目的不合，而與現實脫鉤，造成農保被保險人人數與實際從事農業人數之偏離；被保險人年齡結構老化，導致保險收支平衡；保險費率偏低，造成農保鉅額赤字及財務虧損；投保金額之不合理，影響被保險人權益及農保制度之財務健全等等。 最後，本文提出農民健康保險條例之修正建議，而朝向解決現行實務上缺失，維持保險財務健全、調和權利義務一致之方向發展，以期我國社會保險制度之發展更上一層樓。 關鍵字：農民健康保險；農民健康保險條例；老年農民福利津貼；社會保險。 / In an attempt to explore the main issue of Farmers' Health Insurance system, we investigate the current welfare systems that ensure the safety of farmers' health and economic status across the whole world. Based on the literature analysis, we understand how the system implement and what the critical issues are. This helps us make some key comments on the deficiency of Taiwan's farmer health insurance system. In this regard, some improvement guidelines and suggestions are proposed for the further revision Enactment of Taiwan's Farmer Health Insurance. The major findings indicate that few countries engage in establishing the specific scheme to ensure the health and economic status of farmers. Conversely, for those countries with the above insurance scheme, they not only ensure to advance the farmer's life and income, but also regard this system as a means to raise the devotion to farming and to lower the age of the farmers. Meanwhile, the deficiencies of Farmers' Health Insurance include the complicated regulatory structure, the inadequate regulations regarding the qualifications of the insured and the aging of the insured. Besides, the insurance rate is lower than the fair rate, resulting in insufficient insurance premium such that the financial health is weakened. Finally, the contribution of this study is devoted to the social insurance system, especially focused on some suggestions that should be constructive with respect to the emendation of Enactment of Farmers' Health Insurance. Keywords : Farmers' Health Insurance, Enactment of Farmers' Health Insurance, Old-Age Farmer's Allowance, Social Insurance.

農業發展曾經在臺灣的經濟建設史上，佔有輝煌一頁，民國四十至五十年代，農民胼手胝足地配合政府農業政策，不只增裕農業生產，同時也奠定臺灣日後工商發展之基礎，然而隨著臺灣經濟的發展，工商業產值佔GDP比例加重，農業產值佔GDP比例卻逐年下降，農業經營也面臨許多難題及衝擊，農戶所得水準相對非農戶為低，老年農民生活保障不足等問題一再被提出討論，同時由於近年來農業生產不符經濟效益等因素，且部分農民福利措施對農民資格的界定迭起社會爭議，因此各項保障農民福利措施的公平性及必要性亦隨之引起爭論，本文試著從農民的社會保險、老年給付、租稅福利、價格補貼及其它救（補）助措施等五方面，來探討農民的福利保障現況，並針對現況缺失提出檢討與建議，尤其面對全球經濟自由化趨勢下，如何協助農業經營轉型，增進農民福利，應是農民、農業部門及政府需共同思索的問題。 / The prosperity of agriculture played an important role in Taiwan’s economical construction history. In 1940’s and 50’s, Taiwan’s farmers, actively responding to the agriculture-developing policy, not only increased the agricultural production, but also helped to establish a firm foundation for the following industrial and commercial development in Taiwan. However, as the industrial and commercial value increases yearly in GDP, the value of agriculture in GDP, on the other hand, decreases year after year. Farmers thus faced many problems and challenges. Issues such as the obvious poorer condition of farmers’ life compared to the non-farmer, and the unsatisfying welfare state of retired farmers are frequently among the arguments. Furthermore, owing to the facts that most farmers own some real estates as the grounds they plant and yet their production can’t even reach the bottom line of economical effect, the necessity and justification of farmers welfare measures are consequently evoking constant controversy. The goal of this thesis, therefore, is trying to examine the status of Taiwan’s farmers’ welfare state in the following five fields: farmer’s social insurance, elderly farmer’s allowance, tax welfare, price subsidy and other assistance measures, and to raise my proposals and suggestions to solve these problems. How to help farmers to do well in the transformation of agricultural management and thus improve their welfare state should be a public issue for farmers themselves and the agriculture departments as well as the whole government, especially when facing the trend of liberalization of the global economics.