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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

台灣選舉中不比例性的分析──以新舊制「立委選舉」為例

吳婷婷 Unknown Date (has links)
在一般的民主國家,選舉乃是落實民主政治運作的制度安排。而選舉的結果不僅會影響政府政策的走向、政府的更迭,甚至是政黨制度的重組。因此,對於選舉制度的設計、制定、規劃與討論一直都是政治學中爭辯的議題。一般而言,選舉制度的討論包括選票轉換為議席的「比例性」與選舉制度對「政黨政治」的影響,而本文著重在對於前者的研究。 本文從「比例性」之於選舉制度的重要性切入,先針對足以影響選舉結果之比例性偏差的因素做一瞭解,並以台灣第六屆與第七屆立法委員選舉作為實證,利用各種方法(直接分析選舉數據、迴歸分析、本文選擇的比例性偏差測量公式),以尋求、說明、分析「政黨比例性偏差」與「選區規模」之間的相關性與影響力。 不論是直接觀察、整理選舉結果,或以統計分析來檢定關聯程度、相關方向及解釋力,或是利用Taagepera「n指數」計算我國第六屆與第七屆立法委員選舉的「比例性」,所得到的研究結果呼應了本文的研究假設,此即,選區規模、選區數越大,選舉結果的比例性越佳(不比例性越小)、政黨的比例性偏差越低。 雖然透過本文選舉結果的整理與觀察、Taagepera「n指數」的計算,都顯示出我國立委選制改革後,『單一選區』的採行,強化了選舉結果的「不比例性」,削弱了小黨的政治空間,扭曲了選民的偏好與委託;而具有『調節性議席』功能的『全國不分區席次』,無助於調和「區域選舉」的比例性偏差,且因5%的政黨門檻限制,非但無法改變小黨在區域選舉上的劣勢,反而加深了小黨整體的比例性偏差。但由於僅有一屆改制後的選舉數據資料可供分析,本文的研究結果能夠呈現的部分有限,待未來改制後更多屆的選舉數據來佐證、分析與檢驗,或許能得到較為明確、有力的結果分析。
2

趨中或極端?選制改革前後立委候選人在兩岸議題的政治立場 / Centripetal and Centrifugal: Legislator Candidates’ Position in the Issue of the Cross-Strait Relations before and after the Electoral Reform

蔡幸芳, Tsai, Hsin Fang Unknown Date (has links)
民主國家中選舉是獲得政治職位、聲望或權力的主要途徑之一,有許多因素會影響選舉結果,其中選舉制度是決定在位者與挑戰者去留的關鍵,決定如產生當選者,選舉制度往往會影響候選人的參選動機、競選方式、選民的投票行為,甚至會造成不同類型的政黨政治。本研究主要探究立委選舉從第七屆開始實行單一選區兩票制後,區域立委候選人的政治立場相較於過去在複數選區單記不可讓渡投票制下,是否有所不同或發生改變。本研究以兩岸議題為例,以第五屆及第七屆區域立法委員候選人為分析單位,並依其選舉公報採內容分析法為研究焦點。本研究有幾個研究發現:首先、選制改革有相當程度反映在屆別的差異上,對立委候選人兩岸立場造成影響;其次、雖然新選制下立委候選人提出更多的兩岸政見,但所提出的兩岸政見,新選制相較於舊選制,不但統獨立場趨中,且論述語氣略微和緩,此一發現支持中位選民定理,也就是說,在單一選區相對多數決制之下,立委候選人的兩岸議題不管在方向或是程度上,相較SNTV制度均有往中間靠攏的趨勢,意即新選制下的立委候選人在政見立場方向,是符合理論預期往意識形態光譜中間移動,傾向提出方向趨中且統獨維持現狀或中立的兩岸政見。 / In democratic country, election is the main approach for the politicians to receive position, reputation, and power. Many factors affect the result. Electoral system is one of the key causes to determine who-incumbent and challenger- will win the election. In addition, electoral systems also affect the process of producing winner, the candidates’ motive and campaign, the electorate’s voting behaviors. and even different types of party politics. This paper targets on the district legislators’ behaviors. Do their behaviors change after the electoral reform transiting from SNTV to Single-District Two-Votes System? To be more specific, I focus on the fifth and seventh terms of legislators as the analysis unit, and explore their attitudes or campaign platform on Cross-Strait issue, which are published on the campaign communique. I used the content analysis to analyze the campaign communique. There are several findings implied from this research. First, electoral system indeed affects legislators’ positions on Cross-Strait issues. There is significant difference between the fifth and seventh terms of legislators. Second, comparing with the fifth term, although the seventh term of legislators propose more Cross-Strait-related campaign platform, their attitudes are more moderate. This finding supports the median voter theorem. Under the Single-District System, comparing with SNTV, legislators will stand on moderate position on Cross-Strait issue, no matter on direction or intensity. In conclusion, the findings fit to my expectation that the seventh term of legislators stand on moderate position on the political spectrum. They are incline to propose more neutral campaign platform. They prefer maintaining the status quo to unification or independence.

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