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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

國中學生在絕對值相關問題之概念錯誤研究 / An investigation into junior high school students’ conceptual errors on absolute value

郭盈瑜, Kuo, Ying Yu Unknown Date (has links)
本研究的目的主要為探討學生在解決絕對值相關題目時所遇到的困難,進而瞭解學生在解此類問題時出現錯誤之原因,希望研究的結果能夠提供教師作為補救教學或改進教學策略的依據,增進教學成效,並作為未來教學及研究的參考。   本研究採調查法,並輔之以訪談蒐集資料。第一階段為問卷調查,經由對絕對值相關概念作文獻探討,以及與多位數學教師討論之後,研究者以自編之絕對值相關概念試題本進行施測,藉此瞭解學生在各向度的答題情況,並且作為選擇訪談對象的依據。第二階段為無結構開放式訪談,主要訪談學生作答時之想法與解題策略,所有訪談皆全程錄音,並轉錄成文字檔後進行內容分析,進一步瞭解學生在概念上錯誤的內涵,以及探討解題困難產生的原因。   研究結果發現,學生在絕對值相關概念之錯誤可歸納出五大原因:過度簡化絕對值定義之口訣、無法進行絕對值概念中「幾何概念」與「算術概念」之間的轉化、不瞭解絕對值概念中各同義詞之間的關係、以偏概全絕對值之定義以及文字符號概念之理解困難。文後尚有提供絕對值相關教學改善的建議。 / This study aims to explore the kinds of difficulties encountered by junior high school students in solving problems related to absolute value as well as analyzing and identifying the probable causes of such difficulties. It is hoped that the results from this attempt can provide teachers with useful information regarding how to improve their instructional practices and plan remedial instruction, thereby enhancing their teaching effectiveness. The main methodology for this study is survey design supplemented with clinical interviews that allowed for in-depth information collection regarding problem solving strategies and difficulties from selected respondents. During the first stage, a literature review was conducted on research studies that focused on absolute values. This was followed by discussions with several junior high school mathematics teachers relating to learning difficulties they observed. Subsequently, a paper and pencil test instrument on absolute values with three main dimensions was compiled by the author to test the learning status of the participating students. Their performances would form the basis for selecting them to participate in the second stage of the study, namely, the interview phase. All clinical interviews were unstructured and they were recorded and transcribed into verbal records. Analyses were then performed to identify the presence of conceptual misunderstandings and explored the causes of such difficulties. It was found that students’ conceptual errors on absolute values can be classified into five different types, namely, oversimplifying the definition of absolute value into mnemonic phrases, inability to perform inscriptional transformation between geometric properties and arithmetical concepts of absolute values, incomprehension of the relationships among the synonyms related to the concept of absolute value, over-generalizing the definition of absolute values and difficulties in understanding the connotation behind letter symbols. Several suggestions regarding instructional practices as well as future direction of research based on the present findings were provided at the end of this study.
2

小學生數學運算錯誤類型之研究 / The study of error patterns in elementary school mathematics

黃偉鵑, Hwang, Wei Chung Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在探討小學生在數學基本運算的歷程中,所產生的錯誤類型,由文獻中尋找出特定的錯誤類型加以驗證,並利用與受試晤談的方式來了解兒童的思考歷程,試圖找出這些錯誤類型發生的原因,同時探討不同性別在這些錯誤類型上是否有差異存在。   本研究以國小二、三及四年級的學生為取樣對象,有效樣本為1782人(男926,女856人)。研究工具為自編之「加法運算能力測驗」、「減法運算能力測驗」、「乘法運算能力測驗」及「除法運算能力測驗」:資料分析則以信度考驗、次數分配、皮爾遜積差相關及單因子多變量變異數分析來進行。   本研究的主要結果如下:   (一)在加法的基本運算中,學生最常犯的錯誤為「相加時未加上進位數」,但此類型錯誤多為隨機產生的。在與學生晤談過程中,即可發現是因學生對進位概念不夠深刻而導致不小心犯錯。比較具有系統性規則可循的錯誤類型為「個位數未進位至十位」及「不對稱相加」二種,這二種錯誤的產生與學生誤用對齊相加的概念有關。這四種錯誤類型彼此之間具有顯著的正相關存在。   (二)在減法的基本運算中,最明顯也具有系統性的錯誤類型為「大數減小數」及「0減任何數為0」,這二種類型錯誤可能原因與兒童自行建構錯誤算則及對0的概念不清楚有關,由學生的晤談中可加以佐證;其他的類型(由左而右運算及未退位相減)的系統性偏低,是屬於隨機性發生的,這四種錯誤類型之間具有顯著的正相關存在。   (三)在乘法的基本運算中,「進位數直接與十位相乘」、「個位數直接相乘,十位往左乘」及「未乘十位數」等三個錯誤類型具有系統性規則可循,而且這三種錯誤的產生與進位數位置干擾有關;其餘二個類型錯誤(進位數重複相加及未加進位數)則屬於隨機發生的錯誤,此五類型之間亦具有顯著正相關存在。   (四)在除法運算中「商數未補0」及「商數多加0」二種錯誤類型是系統性較強的錯誤,這二種錯誤與學生的位值概念不清楚有關;而「單獨相除」及「倒置商數」二個類型錯誤則多為隨機性產生的,此四種類型間具有顯著正相關存在。   根據研究結果加以討論,並提出若干建議,以供教學輔導之參考。

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